[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-82438-en":3,"doc-seo-82438-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},82438,7971461741311,"Ophelia","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/74000253aff267980c6?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779345379180704826",8,"Research & Report","Network Analysis with Parametric NetKAT","Network engineers often face diagnosis and inference problems that require enumeration answers, such as identifying which packets reach a host, which firewall rules cause blocking, or which link failures disconnect a network. Parametric NetKAT extends NetKAT, Relational NetKAT, and Weighted NetKAT with parameters, enabling direct expression of these enumeration constraints over network models. The work defines the language design and semantics, compiles it into NetKAT automata, develops algorithms for collecting satisfying parameter valuations, proves correctness, and evaluates performance on industrial benchmarks.","arXiv :2607 .09637v 1 [ cs .PL] 10 Jul 2026  \nNetwork Analysis with Parametric NetKAT  \nHAN XU, Princeton University, United States ZACHARY KINCAID, Princeton University, United States DAVID WALKER, Princeton University, United States  \nNetwork engineers often need to perform network diagnosis and inference tasks, which frequently require answers to enumeration questions such as “Which packets from the Internet arrive at host 􀀘?” or “Which single-link failures disconnect my network?” Parametric NetKAT is a new domain-specific language that combines elements of NetKAT, Relational NetKAT, and Weighted NetKAT into a single system and extends them with parameters, allowing users to pose such enumeration questions directly over network models. This paper presents the design and semantics of Parametric NetKAT and illustrates its utility through a series of examples. It shows how to compile Parametric NetKAT into NetKAT automata, develops new algorithms for efficiently collecting satisfying valuations, and proves the correctness of these procedures. Finally, it evaluates the performance of Parametric NetKAT on a collection of benchmarks drawn from industrial sources.  \nACM Reference Format:  \nHan Xu, Zachary Kincaid, and David Walker. 2018. Network Analysis with Parametric NetKAT. 1, 1 (July 2018), 38 pages. [https://doi.org/XXXXXXX.XXXXXXX](https://doi.org/XXXXXXX.XXXXXXX)  \n1 Introduction  \nNetworks are the arteries of the modern online world, keeping people and businesses connected to essential services. Unfortunately, they are also complex: difficult to manage, hard to modify reliably, and challenging to diagnose when failures occur. Moreover, when networks go down, the economic and societal consequences can be enormous. For example, in 2022, an outage at Rogers Canada [Wikipedia 2022] left 12 million people without connectivity, prevented businesses nationwide from accepting debit transactions, disrupted access to 911 emergency services, delayed radiation therapy for cancer patients, and affected a wide range of government activities.  \nOne way to reduce the risk of such events is to deploy network-verification technologies such as NetKAT [Anderson et al. 2014] . NetKAT is both a domain-specific language for modeling networksand a specification language for expressing network properties. To use a NetKAT system, an engineer invokes a modeling program that parses raw network configurations and produces a NetKAT model of the network’s packet-forwarding behavior. Once this semantic model has been constructed, a variety of yes-or-no verification questions can be posed:  \n(1) Are all packets from the internet destined to port 80 blocked before they arrive at host C?  \n(2) Do packets sent from A with destination IP address [10.0.0.0](10.0.0.0) arrive at host B?  \n(3) Do all packets originating outside the network travel through firewalls (FW1 or FW2) prior to arriving at hosts A, B, or C?  \nSuch questions are phrased as equations or inequations between NetKAT expressions (includingthe expression generated automatically via the modeling program) . The expressions are then compiled into automata, and automata-theoretic decision procedures provide the answers. Recently, several productive extensions to the paradigm have been proposed, including extensions that add probabilities [Foster et al. 2016], which may be used to assess properties such as probabilistic reliability, or more generally weights [Suárez Acevedo et al. 2026], which allow analysis of quantities  \nAuthors’ Contact Information: Han Xu, [hx3501@princeton.edu](hx3501@princeton.edu), Princeton University, United States; Zachary Kincaid, [zkincaid@cs.princeton.edu](zkincaid@cs.princeton.edu), Princeton University, United States; David Walker, [dpw@princeton.edu](dpw@princeton.edu), Princeton University, United States.  \n2018. ACM XXXX-XXXX/2018/7-ART  \n[https://doi.org/XXXXXXX.XXXXXXX](https://doi.org/XXXXXXX.XXXXXXX)  \n, Vol. 1, No. 1, Article . Publication date: July 2018 .  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This lets users pose enumeration questions directly over parametrized network models.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the main technical workflow described for solving these questions?\",\"answer\":\"The approach compiles Parametric NetKAT into NetKAT automata, then uses automata-theoretic decision procedures to gather satisfying valuations. The paper also establishes correctness of these procedures and benchmarks performance on industrial sources.\"}]",1784180383,96,{"code":4,"msg":30,"data":31},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":32,"title":13,"keywords":33,"description":14,"schema_data":34,"social_meta":85,"head_meta":87,"extra_data":89,"updated_unix":27},"network-analysis-with-parametric-netkat","",{"@graph":35,"@context":84},[36,53,67],{"@type":37,"itemListElement":38},"BreadcrumbList",[39,43,47,50],{"item":40,"name":41,"@type":42,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":44,"name":45,"@type":42,"position":46},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":42,"position":49},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":42,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/network-analysis-with-parametric-netkat/82438/",4,{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":61,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":62,"interactionStatistic":63},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":40,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-16",true,{"@type":64,"interactionType":65,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":66},"ViewAction",{"@type":68,"mainEntity":69},"FAQPage",[70,76,80],{"name":71,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":73},"What problem does Parametric NetKAT address in network engineering?","Question",{"text":74,"@type":75},"It supports network diagnosis and inference that require enumeration results, not just yes-or-no verification. It can return all packet sets or parameter valuations that satisfy specified constraints over a network model.","Answer",{"name":77,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":78},"How does Parametric NetKAT extend existing NetKAT variants?",{"text":79,"@type":75},"It combines elements of NetKAT, Relational NetKAT, and Weighted NetKAT and adds parameters. This lets users pose enumeration questions directly over parametrized network models.",{"name":81,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":82},"What is the main technical workflow described for solving these questions?",{"text":83,"@type":75},"The approach compiles Parametric NetKAT into NetKAT automata, then uses automata-theoretic decision procedures to gather satisfying valuations. 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