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It outlines expected benefits such as reduced tumor burden and stronger immune responses, and compares with successful non-CNS settings to motivate further study.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/neoadjuvant-immune-checkpoint-inhibition-in-the-management-of-glioblastoma-exploring-a-new-frontier/382132/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/neoadjuvant-immune-checkpoint-inhibition-in-the-management-of-glioblastoma-exploring-a-new-frontier/382132.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"moss~","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":33},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58,64,68],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"What is the main focus of the review?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"The review focuses on how neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibition could improve the management of glioblastoma by enhancing anti-tumor immune responses and reducing tumor burden.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"Why might neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors work better than other timing in glioblastoma?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"Neoadjuvant administration may increase survival benefit because tumor antigens can still be present in the patient, enabling a more robust antitumor immune response.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"What treatment options currently exist for glioblastoma, and what limitations do they have?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"Current standard care includes surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The review notes that these approaches often only marginally improve overall survival and can involve negative side effects, while recurrence limits future options due to surgical risk, radiation ineligibility, and chemotherapy resistance.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":74,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":76,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":78,"site_id":7},382132,1791453960,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"success",[83,87,91,95,100,105,109,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":84,"show_sort_weight":85,"slug":86},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":88,"show_sort_weight":89,"slug":90},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":92,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":131},{"doc_id":78,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":106,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":33,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090895452,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","TYPE Review  \nPUBLISHED 17 February 2023  \nDOI 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1057567  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nEDITED BY Ling Zhang,  \nJilin University, China  \nREVIEWED BY  \nAngelo Dipasquale,  \nHumanitas Research Hospital, Italy Pierina Navarria,  \nHumanitas Research Hospital, Italy  \n*CORRESPONDENCE Gary Kohanbash  \n [gary.kohanbash2@chp.edu](gary.kohanbash2@chp.edu)  \nSPECIALTY SECTION  \nThis article was submitted to Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology  \nRECEIVED 29 September 2022  \nACCEPTED 03 February 2023  \nPUBLISHED 17 February 2023  \nCITATION  \nFrederico SC, Darling C, Bielanin JP, Dubinsky AC, Zhang X, Hadjipanayis CG and Kohanbash G (2023) Neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibition in the management of glioblastoma:  \nExploring a new frontier.  \nFront. Immunol. 14:1057567 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1057567  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2023 Frederico, Darling, Bielanin, Dubinsky, Zhang, Hadjipanayis and Kohanbash. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nNeoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibition in the management of glioblastoma: Exploring anew frontier  \nStephen C. Frederico 1,2, Corbin Darling 1,2, John P. Bielanin 1, Alexandra C. Dubinsky 1, Xiaoran Zhang 2,  \nConstantinos G. Hadjipanayis 2 and Gary Kohanbash 2*  \n1 University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States, 2 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States  \nBrain tumors are one of the leading causes of cancer related death in both the adult and pediatric patient population. Gliomas represent a cohort of brain tumors derived from glial cell lineages which include astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomasand glioblastomas (GBMs) . These tumors are known to grow aggressively and have a high lethality with GBM being the most aggressive tumor in this group. Currently, few treatment options exist for GBM outside of surgical resection, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. While these measures have been shown to marginally improve patient survival, patients, especially those diagnosed with GBM, often experience a recurrence of their disease. Following disease recurrence, treatment options become more limited as additional surgical resections can pose life threatening risk to the patient, patients may be ineligible for additional radiation, and the recurrent tumor may be resistant to chemotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the field of cancer immunotherapy as many patients with cancers residing outside the central nervous system (CNS) have experienced a survival benefit from this treatment modality. It has often been observed that this survival benefit is increased following neoadjuvant administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors as tumor antigen is still present in the patient which enables a more robust antitumor immune response. Interestingly, results for ICI-based studies for patients with GBM have been largely disappointing which is a stark contrast from the success this treatment modality has had in non-central nervous system cancers. In this review, we will discuss the various benefits of neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibition such as how this approach reduces tumor burden and allows for a greater induction of an anti-tumor immune response. Additionally, we will discuss several non-CNS cancers where neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibition has been successful and discuss why we believe this approach may provide a survival benefit for GBM patients. We hope this manuscript will foster future studies aimed at exploring whether this approach may be beneficial","cbCaia0CxN12NNTt","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaia0CxN12NNTt","pdf",455310,14,"English","# Introduction\n## Glioblastoma and current standard of care\n## Rationale for immune checkpoint inhibition\n# Review scope and objectives\n## Benefits of neoadjuvant ICI\n## Evidence from non-CNS cancers","[{\"question\":\"What is the main focus of the review?\",\"answer\":\"The review focuses on how neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibition could improve the management of glioblastoma by enhancing anti-tumor immune responses and reducing tumor burden.\"},{\"question\":\"Why might neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors work better than other timing in glioblastoma?\",\"answer\":\"Neoadjuvant administration may increase survival benefit because tumor antigens can still be present in the patient, enabling a more robust antitumor immune response.\"},{\"question\":\"What treatment options currently exist for glioblastoma, and what limitations do they have?\",\"answer\":\"Current standard care includes surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The review notes that these approaches often only marginally improve overall survival and can involve negative side effects, while recurrence limits future options due to surgical risk, radiation ineligibility, and chemotherapy resistance.\"}]","Neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibition in the management of glioblastoma: Exploring a new frontier | PDF",1790249221,35]