[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-327031-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-327031-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","negative-charge-carrying-glycans-attached-to-exosomes-as-novel-liquid-biopsy-marker","Negative Charge-Carrying Glycans Attached to Exosomes as Novel Liquid Biopsy Marker","","Prostate cancer (PCa) remains the second most common cancer, and early diagnosis is critical. This study isolates and characterizes exosomes from RWPE1 (benign control) and 22Rv1 (carcinoma) prostate cell lines as potential liquid biopsy markers. Exosomes are profiled using nanoparticle tracking analysis, dynamic light scattering, microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and electrochemical interfacial analysis. Surface plasmon resonance evaluates exosomal receptors and glycans, showing smaller size, higher concentration, and more negative zeta potential in cancer-derived exosomes, with sialic-acid-rich glycans enriched on carcinoma exosomes. The study supports an antibody/exosome/lectin sandwich approach for glycoprofiling.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/negative-charge-carrying-glycans-attached-to-exosomes-as-novel-liquid-biopsy-marker/327031/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/negative-charge-carrying-glycans-attached-to-exosomes-as-novel-liquid-biopsy-marker/327031.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Anda","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-28","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",6,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What are the study’s main biological targets?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The study focuses on exosomes derived from prostate cell lines (RWPE1 as benign control and 22Rv1 as carcinoma) and on glycans displayed on the exosomal surface.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How are exosomes characterized in the research?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Exosomes are characterized using nanoparticle-tracking analysis, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, surface plasmon resonance for receptor/glycan analysis, and electrochemical measurements for interfacial properties.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What differences are reported between cancerous and control exosomes?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Cancerous exosomes are reported to be smaller, produced at higher concentrations, and to exhibit a more negative zeta potential than control exosomes.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},327031,1790185509,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,105,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":111,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":127,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962075006959,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/e0002397efbe92a78e?_k=1776741047341049297","sensors   \nArticle  \nNegative Charge-Carrying Glycans Attached to Exosomes as Novel Liquid Biopsy Marker  \nNatalia Kosutova 1, Lenka Lorencova 1, Michal Hires 1, Eduard Jane 1, Lubomir Orovcik 2, Jozef Kollar 3, Katarina Kozics 4, Alena Gabelova 4, Egor Ukraintsev 5, Bohuslav Rezek 5, Peter Kasak 6, Hana Cernocka 7, Veronika Ostatna 7, Jana Blahutova 1, Alica Vikartovska 1, Tomas Bertok 1, * and Jan Tkac 1, *  \nCitation: Kosutova, N.; Lorencova, L.; Hires, M.; Jane, E.; Orovcik, L.; Kollar, J.; Kozics, K.; Gabelova, A.;  \nUkraintsev, E.; Rezek, B.; et al. Negative Charge-Carrying Glycans Attached to Exosomes as Novel Liquid Biopsy Marker. Sensors 2024, 24, 1128. [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)s24041128  \nAcademic Editor: Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko  \nReceived: 9 January 2024  \nRevised: 2 February 2024  \nAccepted: 5 February 2024  \nPublished: 8 February 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; [lenka.lorencova@savba.sk](lenka.lorencova@savba.sk) (L.L.); [eduard.jane@savba.sk](eduard.jane@savba.sk) (E.J.)  \n2 Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9/6319,  \n845 13 Bratislava, Slovakia  \n3 Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia  \n4 Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; [alena.gabelova@savba.sk](alena.gabelova@savba.sk) (A.G.)  \n5 Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 2, 166 27 Prague, Czech Republic; [ukraiego@fel.cvut.cz](ukraiego@fel.cvut.cz) (E.U.); [rezekboh@fel.cvut.cz](rezekboh@fel.cvut.cz) (B.R.)  \n6 Centre for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; [peter.kasak@qu.edu.qa](peter.kasak@qu.edu.qa)  \n7 Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; [cernocka@ibp.cz](cernocka@ibp.cz) (H.C.)  \n* Correspondence: [tomas.bertok@savba.sk](tomas.bertok@savba.sk) (T.B.); [jan.tkac@savba.sk](jan.tkac@savba.sk) (J.T.); Tel.: +421-2-594-102-77 (T.B.);+421-2-594-102-63 (J.T.)  \nAbstract: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer. In this paper, the isolation and properties of exosomes as potential novel liquid biopsy markers for early PCa liquid biopsy diagnosis are investigated using two prostate human cell lines, i.e., benign (control) cell line RWPE1 and carcinoma cell line 22Rv1 . Exosomes produced by both cell lines are characterised by various methods including nanoparticle-tracking analysis, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. In addition, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is used to study three different receptors on the exosomal surface (CD63, CD81 and prostate-specific membrane antigenPMSA), implementing monoclonal antibodies and identifying the type of glycans present on the surface of exosomes using lectins (glycan-recognising proteins) . Electrochemical analysis is used to understand the interfacial properties of exosomes. The results indicate that cancerous exosomes are smaller, are produced at higher concentrations, and exhibit more nega tive zeta potential than the control exosomes. The SPR experiments confirm that negatively charged α-2,3-and α-2,6-sialicacid-containing glycans are found in greater abundance on carcinoma exosomes, whereas bisecting and branched glycans are more abundant in the control exosomes. The SPR results also show that a sandwich antibody/exosomes/lectins co","cbCailZw5B0ZEey3","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailZw5B0ZEey3","pdf",6123892,"English","# Introduction\n## Glycosylation and glycan roles in cellular processes","[{\"question\":\"What are the study’s main biological targets?\",\"answer\":\"The study focuses on exosomes derived from prostate cell lines (RWPE1 as benign control and 22Rv1 as carcinoma) and on glycans displayed on the exosomal surface.\"},{\"question\":\"How are exosomes characterized in the research?\",\"answer\":\"Exosomes are characterized using nanoparticle-tracking analysis, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, surface plasmon resonance for receptor/glycan analysis, and electrochemical measurements for interfacial properties.\"},{\"question\":\"What differences are reported between cancerous and control exosomes?\",\"answer\":\"Cancerous exosomes are reported to be smaller, produced at higher concentrations, and to exhibit a more negative zeta potential than control exosomes.\"}]","Negative Charge-Carrying Glycans Attached to Exosomes as Novel Liquid Biopsy Marker | PDF",1789976000,48]