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The review targets situations where clinicians face concern about missed upper aerodigestive cancer or extracolonic malignancy. Research from English-language, peer-reviewed full-text articles published through September 2025 was screened and thematically analyzed. Among included studies, CRC after a second colonoscopy occurred in ~0.5%, while non-colorectal aerodigestive cancer ranged up to 4.3%.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/navigating-false-positive-outcomes-after-stool-based-colorectal-cancer-screening-tests-a-scoping-review/354455/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/navigating-false-positive-outcomes-after-stool-based-colorectal-cancer-screening-tests-a-scoping-review/354455.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Anna Hans","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-28","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is management challenging after a positive stool test and negative colonoscopy?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Clinicians may worry about missed aerodigestive cancer or extracolonic malignancy elsewhere in the body despite a negative colonoscopy. 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Incidence of non-colorectal aerodigestive or upper GI cancers ranged from 0% to 4.3%.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},354455,1790187181,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":44,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},5909892332657,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","Cheema et al. BMCGastroenterology (2026) 26:422 BMC Gastroenterology  \n[https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-026-04900-8](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-026-04900-8)  \nRESEARCH Open Access  \nNavigating false-positive outcomes after  stool-based colorectal cancer screening tests: a scoping review  \nAmal Cheema1, Katherine Levy2 and Audrey H. Calderwood2,3*  \nAbstract  \nPurpose For patients undergoing colorectal cancer screening with stool-based tests followed by a negative colonoscopy, management can be challenging due to potential concern for upper aerodigestive cancer or extracolonic cancer. We sought to synthesize contemporary clinical approaches and cancer outcomes following a positive stool test and a negative colonoscopy and to identify areas in need of further research.  \nMethods Because of the heterogeneity of published research and available evidence, we conducted a scoping review of English-language, peer-reviewed, and full-text articles through September 2025.  \nTwo independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts followed by full text assessment, and data extraction. Data were synthesized thematically to explore the outcomes and work-up strategies associated with false-positive results in FIT and mt-sDNA tests within the context of extra-colonic cancer screening.  \nResults Of 3442 studies identified, 49 underwent full text review of which 8 met inclusion criteria. Most patients were female and ≥50 years; however, reporting of demographic information was variable. The brand of stool-test, definition of stool-test positivity, definition of negative colonoscopy, and follow-up time were variably reported and defined. In terms of outcome, ~0 . 5% of patients had CRC on second colonoscopy. Incidence of non-colorectal aerodigestive or upper GI cancer ranged from 0-4. 3% .  \nConclusion There is a critical need for a standardized reporting framework among studies evaluating outcomes after positive stool-test and negative colonoscopy to better synthesize across studies and ultimately, improve clinical management.  \nKeywords Fecal immunochemical test, Multi target stool DNA, Prevention, Negative colonoscopy, Aerodigestive cancers  \n*Correspondence:  \nAudrey H. Calderwood  \n[audrey.h.calderwood@hitchcock.org](audrey.h.calderwood@hitchcock.org)  \n1Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA  \n2Center for Digestive Health, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Cancer, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA  \n3The Dartmouth Institute at Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, USA  \n© The Author(s) 2026. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit [http://creati](http://creati)[vecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/](vecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.)[.](vecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.)  \nCheema et al. BMC Gastroenterology (2026) 26:422  \nIntroduction  \nWhile colonoscopy remains the preferred modality for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in the US due to its high sensitivity and specificity, screening programs in many countries are increasingly relying on non-invasive stool","cbCaiqihbOsWaLbf","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqihbOsWaLbf","pdf",1282435,"English","# Abstract\n## Purpose\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"Why is management challenging after a positive stool test and negative colonoscopy?\",\"answer\":\"Clinicians may worry about missed aerodigestive cancer or extracolonic malignancy elsewhere in the body despite a negative colonoscopy. The review focuses on how outcomes and work-up strategies are handled in this scenario.\"},{\"question\":\"How were studies selected and analyzed in the scoping review?\",\"answer\":\"The review screened titles and abstracts, then assessed full text, followed by data extraction. Data were synthesized thematically to examine outcomes and follow-up strategies related to false positives in FIT and mt-sDNA.\"},{\"question\":\"What outcomes were reported after false-positive stool tests with negative colonoscopy?\",\"answer\":\"In included studies, about 0.5% of patients had colorectal cancer on a second colonoscopy. Incidence of non-colorectal aerodigestive or upper GI cancers ranged from 0% to 4.3%.\"}]","Navigating false-positive outcomes after stool-based colorectal cancer screening tests: a scoping review | PDF",1790110715,23]