[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-598311-105":59,"doc-detail-598311-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","nature-of-science-in-greek-secondary-school-biology-textbooks","Nature of Science in Greek Secondary School Biology Textbooks","","Study analyzing Greek lower-secondary biology textbooks to determine whether principal elements of the nature of science (NOS) are present in the materials and aligned official curricula. The research uses content analysis across textbooks, workbooks, lab guides, and teachers’ books, treating the “meaning unit” as the unit of analysis. Findings show most NOS references taught in 2021/22 are implicit rather than intentionally designed. Opportunities concentrate in history-of-science vignettes, laboratory activities, and some optional inquiry tasks, while missing explicit framing leaves NOS in a hidden curriculum and risks a positivist depiction of science.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/nature-of-science-in-greek-secondary-school-biology-textbooks/598311/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/nature-of-science-in-greek-secondary-school-biology-textbooks/598311.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Mafia Boss","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the focus of the study on Greek biology textbooks?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study evaluates whether key elements of the nature of science (NOS) can be found in all Greek lower-secondary biology textbooks and related educational resources.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the analysis conducted?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The research performed content analysis of textbooks, workbooks, lab guides, and teachers’ books, using the “meaning unit” as the unit of analysis, and also examined the corresponding official biology curricula.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What do the results indicate about NOS references in the 2021/22 materials?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Most NOS references in what students were taught in 2021/22 are implicit and not especially designed by the curriculum.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},598311,1792171452,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962090760730,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","doi: 10.26529/cepsj.1309  \nNature of Science in Greek Secondary School Biology Textbooks  \nNausica Kapsala*1, Apostolia Galani2 and Evangelia Mavrikaki2  \n• The nature of science describes what science is, how it works, and its interactions with society under the perspectives of philosophy, history, sociology, and psychology of science. Understanding it is an essential aspect of scientific literacy. Given the critical role that school textbooks hold, considering what is taught and how it is taught in schools, we find the presence of the nature of science in school science textbooks to be significant. In this research paper, all Greek biology textbooks of lower secondary education are analysed to evaluate whether principal elements of the nature of science can be found in them. The whole array of educational resources available (textbooks, workbooks, lab guides, teachers’ books) was analysed as well as the corresponding official biology curricula. Content analysis was the method of choice, and the ‘meaning unit’ was the unit of analysis. We found that most of the nature of science references in the material that students were taught in 2021/22 was implicit and not especially designed by the curriculum. Some nature of science aspects were more commonly found (e.g., evidence is vital in science) than others (e.g., science has limits). The most opportunities for the nature of science to be introduced were found in history of science vignettes, laboratory activities, and some optional inquiry activities. However, without a structured design from the curriculum, it is the teachers’ responsibility to design and facilitate nature of science instruction (or not). We conclude that lacking explicit references, the nature of science falls into the hidden curriculum and becomes falsely depicted, enforcing a positivist image of science.  \nKeywords: biology textbooks, Greece, nature of science, secondary education  \n1 *Corresponding Author. Second Lyceum of Elefsina and Faculty of Primary Education of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; [nkapsala@gmail.com](nkapsala@gmail.com).  \n2 National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.  \nNarava znanosti v grških srednješolskih biološkihučbenikih  \nNausica Kapsala, Apostolia Galani in Evangelia Mavrikaki  \n• Narava znanosti opisuje, kaj je znanost, kako deluje in kakšni so njenistiki z družbo z vidikov filozofije, zgodovine, sociologije in psihologije znanosti. Razumevanje je temeljni vidik znanstvene pismenosti. Upoštevajoč pomembno vlogo, ki jo imajo šolski učbeniki glede tega, kaj in kako je poučevano v šolah, ugotavljamo, da je prisotnost naraveznanosti v šolskih naravoslovnih učbenikih bistvena. V tem prispevku so analizirani vsi učbeniki za biologijo v osnovni šoli v Grčiji, insicer z namenom ovrednotenja, ali je v njih mogoče najti osnovne elemente, povezane z naravo znanosti. Preiskana je bila celotna zbirka razpoložljivih učnih gradiv (npr. učbeniki, delovni zvezki, laboratorijski vodniki, priročniki za učitelje) pa tudi pripadajoč uradni učni načrt za biologijo. Izbrana metoda je bila vsebinska analiza, pri čemer je kot enota analize služila »pomenska enota«. Ugotovili smo, da je večina sklicev na naravo znanosti v gradivih, s pomočjo katerih so poučevali v letih 2021–2022, implicitna. Nekateri vidiki narave znanosti so bili pogostejenajdeni (npr. dokazi so nujni v znanosti) kot drugi (npr. znanost imaomejitve). Največ priložnosti, ob katerih je bila narava znanostivpeljana, je bilo vezanih na vinjete zgodovine znanosti, laboratorijske naloge in nanekatere izbirne poizvedovalne aktivnosti. Brez strukturiranega načrta, izhajajočega iz učnega načrta, je odgovornost učiteljev, da načrtujejo in vpeljejo v pouk tudi vsebine narave znanosti (ali ne vpeljejo) . Sklepamo, da zaradi primanjkljaja neposrednih sklicev narava znanosti pristaneznotraj skritega kurikuluma in je napačno prikazana, vsiljujoča pozitivno sliko znanosti.  \nKljučne besede: učbeniki za biologijo","cbCaiqwwYvYwOv3E","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqwwYvYwOv3E","pdf",215121,26,"English","# Introduction\n# Nature of Science (NOS)\n## Role of NOS in scientific literacy\n## Challenges of NOS implementation in textbooks","[{\"question\":\"What is the focus of the study on Greek biology textbooks?\",\"answer\":\"The study evaluates whether key elements of the nature of science (NOS) can be found in all Greek lower-secondary biology textbooks and related educational resources.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the analysis conducted?\",\"answer\":\"The research performed content analysis of textbooks, workbooks, lab guides, and teachers’ books, using the “meaning unit” as the unit of analysis, and also examined the corresponding official biology curricula.\"},{\"question\":\"What do the results indicate about NOS references in the 2021/22 materials?\",\"answer\":\"Most NOS references in what students were taught in 2021/22 are implicit and not especially designed by the curriculum.\"}]","Nature of Science in Greek Secondary School Biology Textbooks | PDF",1792086692,66]