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Posmyk   \nAcademic Editor: Magdalena Bartnik  \nReceived: 16 June 2025  \nRevised: 10 July 2025  \nAccepted: 15 July 2025  \nPublished: 18 July 2025  \nCitation: Hołota, M.; Posmyk, M.M. Nature-Inspired Strategies in Cancer Management: The Potential of Plant Extractsin Modulating Tumour Biology. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 6894 . [https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26146894](https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26146894)  \n[Copyright:](Copyright:) © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://creativecommons.org/](https://creativecommons.org/)[ ](https://creativecommons.org/)[licenses/by/4.0/](licenses/by/4.0/)) .  \nDepartment of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; [malgorzata.posmyk@biol.uni.lodz.pl](malgorzata.posmyk@biol.uni.lodz.pl)  \n* [Correspondence: marcin.holota@biol.uni.lodz.pl](Correspondence: marcin.holota@biol.uni.lodz.pl)  \nAbstract  \nCancer is a serious group of diseases that is a huge problem on a global scale and is the second most common cause of death. Commonly used therapies do not always lead to the complete elimination of diseased cells or tissues and are also burdened with side effects that reduce the quality of life of patients. Due to these difficulties, new therapeutic approaches are still being sought. In recent years, there has been a return to interest in natural methods of treating various diseases, among which phytochemicals are particularly interesting. This article reviews plant extracts with anticancer properties with different mechanisms of action (proapoptotic, antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, immunomodulatory) . In addition, plant extracts that reduce the side effects of chemotherapy and the limitations and prospects for the use of plant extracts in anticancer therapy are described. Our goal was to create an up-to-date information base that would encourage scientists to intensify research into supplementing targeted anticancer therapies with additional protective and preventive measures, in which natural mixtures of phytochemicals (plant extracts) are effective allies. At the same time, we encourage discussion on the limitations of their use in light of the orthodox principles of classical medicine and pharmacy (issues of safety, quality, drug purity, and dose precision), which are a priori correct but have not yet led to the elimination of cancer from the group of incurable diseases.  \nKeywords: cancer; plant extracts; phytochemicals; proapoptotic activity; antiproliferative activity; antiangiogenic activity; immunomodulatory activity; revised hallmarks of cancer  \n1. Introduction  \nCancer is a group of diseases that constitutes a serious social and economic problem and poses a challenge to health care worldwide despite the enormous development of medicine. The number of newly diagnosed cases is constantly growing. Moreover, cancer is the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular system diseases. It is estimated that in 2020, 10 million deaths were caused by different cancers [1,2] .  \nThe cells that have undergone permanent genetic transformation, leading to their uncontrolled growth and division, are considered cancer cells. Unlike healthy cells, which function within a tightly regulated cell cycle, cancer cells lose this control, allowing them to proliferate without restriction. One of the main features of these cells is their independence from external growth signals and their ignoring of signals that inhibit division. This is most often due to mutations in so-called proto-oncogenes, e.g., RAS (rat sarcoma oncogene homolog; leads to continuous activation of growth signals, even without an external stim","cbCaiaq9Jfvr7aux","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaq9Jfvr7aux","pdf",404911,27,"English","# Introduction\n## Core biological features of cancer\n# Review Focus: Plant Extracts as Anticancer Strategies\n## Mechanisms of action\n## Potential to mitigate chemotherapy drawbacks\n# Limitations and Future Prospects\n## Safety, quality, purity, and dosing considerations\n## Role within classical medicine principles","[{\"question\":\"Why are new cancer therapies being pursued in this review?\",\"answer\":\"Common therapies may not fully eradicate diseased cells or tissues and can produce side effects that reduce patients’ quality of life. The review highlights the need for additional approaches.\"},{\"question\":\"What anticancer mechanisms of plant extracts does the review emphasize?\",\"answer\":\"It reviews plant extracts with different mechanisms, including proapoptotic, antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, and immunomodulatory actions.\"},{\"question\":\"What limitations must be considered for using plant extracts in anticancer therapy?\",\"answer\":\"The review discusses issues such as safety, quality, drug purity, and dose precision, noting that these concerns have not yet eliminated cancer.\"}]","Nature-Inspired Strategies in Cancer Management - The Potential of Plant Extracts in Modulating Tumour Biology | PDF",1790190261,68]