[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-326779-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-326779-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","natriuretic-peptides-and-their-receptors","Natriuretic Peptides and their Receptors","","Natriuretic peptides are an ancient family of hormones/paracrine factors that regulate blood pressure, cardiovascular homeostasis, and bone growth. The family includes atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, and C-type natriuretic peptide, each encoded by separate genes yet sharing a conserved 17-amino-acid disulfide ring. Their cellular effects are mediated by two guanylyl cyclase receptors producing cGMP and one decoy receptor. The article outlines peptide biosynthesis, processing steps, tissue expression patterns, receptor mechanisms, and regulatory influences on secretion and biological activity, emphasizing physiological and pharmacological implications.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/natriuretic-peptides-and-their-receptors/326779/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/natriuretic-peptides-and-their-receptors/326779.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Theodore","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",7,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What types of natriuretic peptide receptors mediate their effects?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"A family of three cell surface receptors mediates natriuretic peptide effects: two are guanylyl cyclases that generate the second messenger cGMP, while one is a decoy receptor lacking enzymatic activity.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How is atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) synthesized and processed?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"All natriuretic peptides are synthesized as preprohormones. Human preproANP is processed by removal of the signal sequence to proANP, and after secretion proANP is cleaved by the membrane serine protease corin into N-terminal and C-terminal fragments, with the C-terminal 28 amino-acid peptide as the mature biologically active form.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What are the main stimuli and regulators of ANP release?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Atrial wall stretch, reflecting increased intravascular volume, is the dominant stimulus for ANP release. Other hormones and neurotransmitters, including endothelin, arginine vasopressin, and catecholamines, also stimulate secretion.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},326779,1790195469,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":111,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},7971461740886,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","n Natriuretic Peptides and  \ntheir Receptors  \nLincoln R. Potter  \nUniversity of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA  \nNatriuretic peptides are an ancient family of hormones/paracrine factors that regulate blood pressure, cardiovascular homeostasis, and bone growth. The mammalian family consists of atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, and C-type natriuretic peptide. All three peptides are derived from separate genes, but share a common 17-amino-acid disulfide ring that is required for biological activity. A family of three cell surface receptors mediates their cellular effects: two are receptor guanylyl cyclases, enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of the intracellular second messenger, cGMP, whereas one is a decoy receptor that lacks enzymatic activity. In this article, the structure, function, and regulation of each hormone and receptor are discussed.  \nNatriuretic Peptides  \nATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE  \nThe first natriuretic peptide to be identified was atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), which was originally called atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) because of its unknown structure. It was discovered by de Bold and co-workers in 1981 . They found that intravenous infusion of atrial, but not ventricular, homogenates into rats caused a rapid and dramatic increase in renal sodium and water excretion that was accompanied by reduced blood pressure. Subsequently, a smooth muscle relaxing activity was shown to cofractionate with the natriuretic activity. The peptide responsible for both blood pressure lowering properties was purified and sequenced from multiple species by several laboratories. The structure of the polypeptide precursor of the mature peptide was derived from cDNA sequence, which like the peptide sequence was obtained from a number of different species by several different laboratories.  \nAll natriuretic peptides are synthesized as preprohormones. Human preproANP is 151 amino acids in length. Proteolytic removal of the amino-terminal signal sequence yields a 126 residue proANP peptide, which is the predominant storage form found in dense atrial granules. Upon secretion, proANP is cleaved by corin,  \na transmembrane serine protease, to a 98 residue aminoterminal peptide and a 28 residue carboxyl-terminal peptide. Both fragments circulate in the plasma and are elevated under conditions where vascular volume is increased, such as congestive heart failure. The carboxyl terminal 28 amino-acid peptide is the mature biologically active form of ANP that mediates the known biological effects associated with the ANP gene (Figure 1) .  \nThe majority of ANP gene expression occurs in the cardiac atria, but there is low-level expression in extraatrial tissues, e.g., central nervous system, adrenal gland, kidney, and ventricles. Expression in the latter tissue is generally only observed in early life or during ventricular hypertrophy. Hence, ANP mRNA expression has become a universal marker for ventricular remodeling that results from prolonged hypertension or other forms of cardiovascular insult. Differential processing of ANPin the kidney produces a variant containing four additional amino-terminal amino acids called urodilatin. It has been reported to be more potent than ANP, possibly because it is less sensitive to proteolytic degradation by neutral endopeptidases (NEPs) . Atrialwall stretch, reflecting increased intravascular volume, is the dominant stimulus for ANP release. However, several hormones and neurotransmitters – such as endothelin, arginine vasopressin, and catecholamines – also stimulate its secretion.  \nIn addition to stimulating natriuresis, diuresis, and vasorelaxation, ANP also inhibits renin, vasopressin, and aldosterone release. It decreases cell proliferation and hypertrophy as well. Hence, ANP’s short-term (natriuresis, diuresis, vasorelaxation) and long-term (antimitogenesis) effects are generally considered beneficial.  \nTransgenic mice exhibiting lifelong elevated plasma ANP levels display r","cbCaibedws2NDD4K","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibedws2NDD4K","pdf",21164861,848,"English","# Natriuretic Peptides and their Receptors\n## Natriuretic Peptides: overview\n## Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)\n## Synthesis and processing of ANP\n## Regulation of ANP expression and release\n## Biological effects and receptor-mediated signaling","[{\"question\":\"What types of natriuretic peptide receptors mediate their effects?\",\"answer\":\"A family of three cell surface receptors mediates natriuretic peptide effects: two are guanylyl cyclases that generate the second messenger cGMP, while one is a decoy receptor lacking enzymatic activity.\"},{\"question\":\"How is atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) synthesized and processed?\",\"answer\":\"All natriuretic peptides are synthesized as preprohormones. Human preproANP is processed by removal of the signal sequence to proANP, and after secretion proANP is cleaved by the membrane serine protease corin into N-terminal and C-terminal fragments, with the C-terminal 28 amino-acid peptide as the mature biologically active form.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the main stimuli and regulators of ANP release?\",\"answer\":\"Atrial wall stretch, reflecting increased intravascular volume, is the dominant stimulus for ANP release. Other hormones and neurotransmitters, including endothelin, arginine vasopressin, and catecholamines, also stimulate secretion.\"}]","Natriuretic Peptides and their Receptors | PDF",1789975324,2137]