[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-374677-105":59,"doc-detail-374677-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","national-variation-in-the-treatment-of-lung-cancer-in-a-universal-healthcare-context","National variation in the treatment of lung cancer in a universal healthcare context","","Using national linked health data from the New Zealand Cancer Registry for all lung cancers diagnosed between 2012–2019 (n = 18,081), the study examines how treatment pathways differ across surgery, radiation therapy, and systemic therapy. Variation is assessed by ethnicity, cancer stage, area deprivation, rurality, and comorbidity using crude and adjusted descriptive analyses and logistic regression–based marginally standardised risk estimates. Results show radiation is most common, surgery least common, with adjusted access varying mainly by ethnicity and strongly by stage and comorbidity.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/national-variation-in-the-treatment-of-lung-cancer-in-a-universal-healthcare-context/374677/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/national-variation-in-the-treatment-of-lung-cancer-in-a-universal-healthcare-context/374677.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Cart","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What data source and period were used to study treatment variation?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The study used national health data linked to the New Zealand Cancer Registry (NZCR) to analyze all lung cancers from 2012–2019.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Which treatment modality was most common, and which was least common?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Radiation therapy was the most common treatment, while surgery was the least common modality, used in about 15% of the cohort after adjustment.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How did disease stage and comorbidity affect treatment likelihood?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Increasing disease stage reduced the likelihood of surgery and increased the likelihood of radiation and systemic therapy. Higher comorbidity lowered the overall likelihood of treatment and reduced use of systemic therapy alone and radiation plus systemic therapy.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},374677,1790500046,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},18829141979164,"https://eur-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","[www.nature.com/bjc](www.nature.com/bjc British)[ British](www.nature.com/bjc British) Journal of Cancer  \nARTICLE OPEN   \nEpidemiology  \nNational variation in the treatment of lung cancer in a universal healthcare context  \nJason Gurney 1 ✉, Anna Davies1, James Stanley1, Alex Dunn2, Laird Cameron3, Shaun Costello4, Paul Dawkins5, Jonathan Koea6, Jesse Whitehead7 and Christopher GCA Jackson 8  \n© The Author(s) 2025  \n\n|  | BACKGROUND: Lung cancer survival can be improved through treatment, but several factors can influence the pattern of treatment received by a given individual. Using national-data across the lung cancer treatment pathway, here we describe treatment variation according to clinical and sociodemographic factors.\u003Cbr>METHODS: We used national health data linked to the New Zealand Cancer Registry (NZCR) to describe variation in surgery, radiation therapy and systemic therapy for all lung cancers from 2012–2019 (n = 18,081), stratified by ethnicity, cancer stage, area deprivation, rurality status and comorbidity. Crude and adjusted descriptive analysis were used, including marginally standardised risk estimates from logistic regression.\u003Cbr>RESULTS: The most common treatment was radiation therapy, either in isolation or combined with systemic therapy (combined total: crude 37%, fully-adj. 40%) . Systemic therapy was the next most common treatment modality (crude 28%, fully-adj. 33%) . Surgery was the least common treatment modality, used in around 15% of the cohort (crude 18%, fully-adj. 15%) . Once adjusted for other factors, treatment access varied somewhat by ethnicity. Increasing stage of disease reduced the likelihood of surgery and increased the likelihood of radiation and systemic therapy. Increasing deprivation marginally reduced access to surgery, while rurality appeared to have no independent impact. Increasing comorbidity reduced the overall likelihood of treatment, systemic therapy alone, and radiation therapy + systemic therapy in combination.\u003Cbr>DISCUSSION: We found variation in the pattern of cancer treatment received according to factors including ethnicity, stage, |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n| deprivation and comorbidity, but no clear independent variation by rurality. |  |  |\n|  | British Journal of Cancer (2025) 133:346–352; [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-025-03071-9](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-025-03071-9) |  |\n|  |  |  |\n\nINTRODUCTION  \nLung cancer is by far the number one cancer killer globally, responsible for 18% of all cancer deaths or around 1.8 million deaths each year [1] . While survival outcomes following adiagnosisof lung cancer are generally poor, advances in treatment have led to substantial improvements in lung cancer survival in recent years, particularly among those with advanced disease [2, 3] .  \nThere are multiple factors that influence the type of care that those diagnosed with lung cancer receive, which can be broadly categorised as clinical versus sociodemographic in nature. In terms of clinical considerations, the stage of disease at diagnosis will dictate whether curative or palliative treatment should be undertaken and also likely allow the application of a largelystandardised treatment pathway involving some combination of surgery, radiation therapy and/or systemic therapy [4] . The type of lung cancer (small-cell, non-small cell or other), histological subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (e.g. adenocarcinoma),  \nand further molecular testing will also inform the most efficacious treatment pathway [4] . Even within a given stage of disease and tumour type, the extent of patient comorbidity will also influence clinical treatment decisions [5] .  \nIn terms of sociodemographic factors, there is evidence of a‘post code lottery’ in lung cancer treatment, wherein those who live in rural areas may be less likely to acces","cbCaibN4tndjfpTS","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibN4tndjfpTS","pdf",385663,"English","# Epidemiology\n# Background\n# Methods\n# Results\n# Discussion\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What data source and period were used to study treatment variation?\",\"answer\":\"The study used national health data linked to the New Zealand Cancer Registry (NZCR) to analyze all lung cancers from 2012–2019.\"},{\"question\":\"Which treatment modality was most common, and which was least common?\",\"answer\":\"Radiation therapy was the most common treatment, while surgery was the least common modality, used in about 15% of the cohort after adjustment.\"},{\"question\":\"How did disease stage and comorbidity affect treatment likelihood?\",\"answer\":\"Increasing disease stage reduced the likelihood of surgery and increased the likelihood of radiation and systemic therapy. Higher comorbidity lowered the overall likelihood of treatment and reduced use of systemic therapy alone and radiation plus systemic therapy.\"}]","National variation in the treatment of lung cancer in a universal healthcare context | PDF",1790202156,18]