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The study examined age-specific temporal trends in mortality for these cancers in urban and rural China from 2009 to 2021. Methods Age-specific mortality data for women aged 20–84 were drawn from China’s National Disease Surveillance Points system. Negative binomial regression assessed urban–rural mortality rate ratios, while Joinpoint models estimated AAPC and evaluated trend acceleration across age groups. Results Rural areas showed a relative increase in age-specific mortality for both cancers compared with urban areas, with different screening and mortality trend patterns. Conclusions Women aged 35–54 need special attention due to mortality trends and rural–urban disparities. Targeting vulnerable age groups and addressing rural–urban differences in cancer control can improve resource efficiency and promote health equity.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/national-age-specific-mortality-trends-for-cervical-and-breast-cancers-in-urban-rural-areas-of-china-from-2009-to-2021-a-population-based-analysis/332325/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/national-age-specific-mortality-trends-for-cervical-and-breast-cancers-in-urban-rural-areas-of-china-from-2009-to-2021-a-population-based-analysis/332325.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Oliver","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What question does the study address about cervical and breast cancer mortality?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The study evaluates age-specific temporal trends in mortality for cervical and breast cancers across urban and rural areas in China from 2009 to 2021.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How were urban–rural differences in mortality assessed?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Negative binomial regression models were used to evaluate urban–rural differences in mortality rate ratios.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What age group received special emphasis in the conclusions?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The authors emphasized women aged 35–54 because mortality trends and rural–urban disparities were most concerning in that group.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},332325,1790143804,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},8796095461610,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Li et al. Military Medical Research (2024) 11:55 [https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-024-00561-4](https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-024-00561-4)  \nRESEARCH Open Access  \nNational age-specific mortality trends for cervical and breast cancers in urban– rural areas of China from 2009 to 2021:  \na population-based analysis  \nMeng‑Long Li 1†, Jin‑Lei Qi2†, Ya‑Qi Ma3†, Wen Shu1, Hui‑Di Xiao 1, Li‑Jun Wang2, Peng Yin2, Hao‑Yan Guo2, Sten H. Vermund4, Mai‑Geng Zhou2* andYi‑Fei Hu 1,5,6*  \nAbstract  \nBackground Cervical and breast cancers are among the top 4 leading causes of cancer‑related mortality in women. This study aimed to examine age‑specific temporal trends in mortality for cervical and breast cancers in urban and rural areas of China from 2009 to 2021.  \nMethods Age‑specific mortality data for cervical and breast cancers among Chinese women aged 20–84 years were obtained from China’s National Disease Surveillance Points system spanning the years 2009 to 2021. Negative bino‑ mial regression models were utilized to assess urban–rural differences in mortality rate ratios, while Joinpoint models with estimated average annual percent changes (AAPC) and slopes were employed to compare temporal trendsand the acceleration of mortality rates within different age groups.  \nResults From 2009 to 2021, there was a relative increase in age‑specific mortality associated with the two cancers observed in rural areas compared with urban areas. A rising trend in the screening age of 35–64 [AAPC: 4 . 0%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.5–7. 6%, P = 0 . 026] for cervical cancer was noted in rural areas, while a stable trend (AAPC:  \n− 0 . 7%, 95% CI − 5.8 to 4 . 6%, P = 0 . 78) was observed in urban areas. As for breast cancer, a stable trend (AAPC: 0 . 3%, 95% CI − 0.3 to 0 . 9%, P = 0 . 28) was observed in rural areas compared to a decreasing trend (AAPC: − 2 . 7%, 95% CI − 4.6 to − 0 . 7%, P = 0 . 007) in urban areas. Urban–rural differences in mortality rates increased over time for cervical cancer but decreased for breast cancer. Mortality trends for both cervical and breast cancers showed an increase with age across 4 segments, with the most significant surge in mortality observed among the 35–54 age group across urban and rural areas, periods, and regions in China.  \nConclusions Special attention should be given to women aged 35–54 years due to mortality trends and rural–urban disparities. Focusing on vulnerable age groups and addressing rural–urban differences in the delivery of cancer con‑ trol programs can enhance resource efficiency and promote health equity.  \n†Meng‑Long Li, Jin‑Lei Qi and Ya‑Qi Ma contributed equally to this work.  \n*Correspondence: Mai‑Geng Zhou  \nzhoumaigeng@ncncd.chinacdc.cn  \nYi‑Fei Hu  \n[huyifei@yahoo.com](huyifei@yahoo.com)  \nFull list of author information is available at the end of the article  \n© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ()[. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ()[http://cr","cbCaivYCBZiFXNKv","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivYCBZiFXNKv","pdf",2224270,14,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusions\n# Background\n## Global burden and rankings\n## China’s screening program context","[{\"question\":\"What question does the study address about cervical and breast cancer mortality?\",\"answer\":\"The study evaluates age-specific temporal trends in mortality for cervical and breast cancers across urban and rural areas in China from 2009 to 2021.\"},{\"question\":\"How were urban–rural differences in mortality assessed?\",\"answer\":\"Negative binomial regression models were used to evaluate urban–rural differences in mortality rate ratios.\"},{\"question\":\"What age group received special emphasis in the conclusions?\",\"answer\":\"The authors emphasized women aged 35–54 because mortality trends and rural–urban disparities were most concerning in that group.\"}]","National age-specific mortality trends for cervical and breast cancers in urban-rural areas of China from 2009 to 2021 - a population-based analysis | PDF",1789997726,35]