[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-319830-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-319830-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","nasa-plume-surface-interaction-testing-propulsive-landing-risk-reduction","NASA Plume-Surface Interaction Testing - Propulsive Landing Risk Reduction","","This technical report details the NASA Plume-Surface Interaction (PSI) testing program aimed at mitigating risks associated with propulsive lunar landings. The document outlines the methodology for quantifying surface erosion and ejecta caused by rocket exhaust impingement on regolith. It covers the objectives, parameters, and propulsion elements involved, including experiments with heated ethane and hybrid GOX/ABS motors to validate modeling capabilities. The study provides essential data for characterizing highly under-expanded plume environments to ensure safe spacecraft descent, drawing on foundational research and modern large-scale lunar simulation techniques.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/nasa-plume-surface-interaction-testing-propulsive-landing-risk-reduction/319830/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/nasa-plume-surface-interaction-testing-propulsive-landing-risk-reduction/319830.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"8796093062539","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-12","2026-09-20",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",15,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is the primary objective of the NASA PSI testing program?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The objective is to reduce risk to large lunar landers by acquiring relevant ground test data to quantify and reduce uncertainty in PSI predictions through improved modeling capabilities.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What are the key parameters measured during PSI testing?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Key parameters include nozzle height above the regolith, plume total pressure, and plume mass flow rate.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Which propulsion systems are used in the described tests?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The testing utilizes two propulsion elements: a non-combusting, heated ethane plume and a GOX/ABS hybrid rocket motor.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},319830,1790330853,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":11,"doc_module":4,"category_id":112,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":128,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},8796093062539,"NASA Plume-Surface Interaction (PSI)  \nTesting to Reduce Risk from Propulsive Landing  \nAshley M. Korzun and Casey J. Broslawski NASA Langley Research Center  \nWesley A. Chambers  \nNASA Marshall Space Flight Center  \n2026 International Planetary Probe Workshop (IPPW-2026) Washington, DC  \nJune 22-26, 2026  \nDEVELOPMENT:  \nOutline  \n• What is PSI?  \n• PSI risks  \n• Anatomy of a PSI test  \n• Large-scale lunar PSI testing  \n• Impingement plate testing  \n• Erosion and ejecta testing  \n• Forward work  \nRoberts, L, AGARDograph 87, 1966  \nDEVELOPMENT:  \nIntroduction  \nRocket plume-surface interaction (PSI)  \ndescribes the lander environment induced by impingement of hot  \nrocket exhaust on regolith of planetary bodies  \nApollo 11 (NASA)  \nDEVELOPMENT:  \nDEVELOPMENT:  \nAnatomy of a PSI Test  \nObjective: To reduce risk to large lunar landers through acquisition of lunar-relevant  \nground test data to quantify and reduce uncertainty in PSI predictions through improvements to and validation of modeling capabilities  \n• Target scaled flight conditions and maximize test envelope  \n• Parameters:  \n• Nozzle height above regolith  \n• Plume total pressure  \n• Plume mass flow rate  \n• Target 30 runs per propulsion type:  \n• Non-combusting Ethane  \n• Hybrid Motor (GOX/ABS)  \nReduced Atmosphere Environment  \nNozzle  \nHighly Under-Expanded Plume  \nLunar Regolith Simulant Bed  \nDEVELOPMENT:  \nDEVELOPMENT:  \nDEVELOPMENT:  \nPropulsion Elements – Rocket Plume Simulants  \n• Highly under-expanded exhaust plume matching absolute peak and radially scaled distributions for surface impingement pressure and shear  \n• Firing durations: 6 seconds per test run  \n• PSI testing using two separate propulsion elements  \n• Non-combusting, heated ethane plume (Purdue Univ. )  \n• Thrust \u003C 100 lbf  \n• GOX/ABS hybrid rocket motor (Utah State Univ. )  \n• Thrust \u003C 40 lbf  \nDEVELOPMENT:  \nDEVELOPMENT:","cbCaisIlvMjiGOXL","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisIlvMjiGOXL","pdf",2737168,"English","# Outline\n## Introduction\n## Anatomy of a PSI Test\n## Propulsion Elements - Rocket Plume Simulants","[{\"question\":\"What is the primary objective of the NASA PSI testing program?\",\"answer\":\"The objective is to reduce risk to large lunar landers by acquiring relevant ground test data to quantify and reduce uncertainty in PSI predictions through improved modeling capabilities.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the key parameters measured during PSI testing?\",\"answer\":\"Key parameters include nozzle height above the regolith, plume total pressure, and plume mass flow rate.\"},{\"question\":\"Which propulsion systems are used in the described tests?\",\"answer\":\"The testing utilizes two propulsion elements: a non-combusting, heated ethane plume and a GOX/ABS hybrid rocket motor.\"}]","NASA Plume-Surface Interaction Testing - Propulsive Landing Risk Reduction | PDF",1789947386,48]