[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-332818-105":59,"doc-detail-332818-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","nanocrystal-assemblies-current-advancesand-open-problems","Nanocrystal Assemblies: Current Advancesand Open Problems","","Nanocrystals, used interchangeably with nanoparticles, serve as versatile building blocks for nanomaterials, enabling formation of multiscale superstructures whose properties depend on the interplay of structure and function. Fundamental progress and practical applications hinge on understanding how classical effects set structure while quantum effects often govern functional outcomes. The review focuses on theory and computation, addressing obstacles to current assembly strategies and whether assemblies resemble thermodynamic equilibrium or kinetically trapped metastable states, alongside dynamic assembly effects and protocol optimization.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/nanocrystal-assemblies-current-advancesand-open-problems/332818/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/nanocrystal-assemblies-current-advancesand-open-problems/332818.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"River Wang","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-24","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What are nanocrystal assemblies, and why are they important?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Nanocrystal assemblies are multiscale superstructures formed from nanocrystals that act as building blocks for nanomaterials. They matter because their structures and resulting functions can be engineered beyond what is achievable from atomic-scale crystallization.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do structure and function arise in nanocrystal assemblies?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The relationship between structure and function is central: structure is largely determined by classical effects, while function is often driven by quantum effects. This link guides how properties emerge from assembly.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What challenges and open problems are discussed in assembly research?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The document highlights challenges that hamper current assembly strategies and examines whether assemblies reach thermodynamic equilibrium or instead become kinetically trapped metastable states. It also considers dynamic effects and optimization of assembly protocols.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},332818,1790912097,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":31,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},1099514067438,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002539ee87300030?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1780474512215547542","at 19:03:56 (UTC) . share published articles .  \nNanocrystal Assemblies: Current Advancesand Open Problems  \nCarlos L. Bassani, Greg van Anders, Uri Banin, Dmitry Baranov, Qian Chen, Marjolein Dijkstra, Michael S. Dimitriyev, Efi Efrati, Jordi Faraudo, Oleg Gang, Nicola Gaston, Ramin Golestanian,  \nG. Ivan Guerrero-Garcia, Michael Gruenwald, Amir Haji-Akbari, Maria Ibá̃nez, Matthias Karg, Tobias Kraus, Byeongdu Lee, Reid C. Van Lehn, Robert J. Macfarlane, Bortolo M. Mognetti, Arash Nikoubashman, Saeed Osat, Oleg V. Prezhdo, Grant M. Rotskoff, Leonor Saiz, An-Chang Shi, Sara Skrabalak, Ivan I. Smalyukh, Mario Tagliazucchi, Dmitri V. Talapin, Alexei V. Tkachenko, Sergei Tretiak, David Vaknin, Asaph Widmer-Cooper, Gerard C. L. Wong, Xingchen Ye, Shan Zhou, Eran Rabani, Michael Engel, and Alex Travesset*  \n Cite This: [https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.3c10201](https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.3c10201)  \nRead Online  \nACCESS  \n Metrics & More  \n Article Recommendations  \nABSTRACT: We explore the potential of nanocrystals (a term used equivalently to nanoparticles) as building blocks for nanomaterials, and the current advances and open challenges for fundamental science developments and applications. Nanocrystal assemblies are inherently multiscale, and the generation of revolutionary material properties requires a precise understanding of the relationship between structure and function, the former being determined by classical effects and the latter often by quantum effects. With an emphasis on theory and computation, we discuss challenges that hamper current assembly strategies and to what extent nanocrystal assemblies represent thermodynamic equilibrium or kinetically trapped metastable states. We also examine dynamic effects and  \noptimization of assembly protocols. Finally, we discuss promising material functions and examples of their realization with nanocrystal assemblies.  \nKEYWORDS: nanocrystal, nanoparticle, quantum dots, nanocrystal assembly, colloidal crystal, superlattice, self-assembly,  \nassembly protocols, structure prediction, material properties  \nDownloaded via UNIV OF COLORADO BOULDER on May 3 1, 2024 See [https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines](https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines) for options on how to legitimately  \n1. INTRODUCTION  \nNanocrystals (NCs), a term used herein interchangeably with nanoparticles, provide building blocks for nanomaterials. 1−4 NC superstructures are a form of matter possible by the progress in synthesizing NCs with different shapes, sizes, and chemical compositions with monodispersed distributions,5,6 allowing tuning superlattice parameters from tens to hundreds of nanometers. This permits creating materials with properties and functionalities believed unattainable on the basis of the crystallization of atoms into lattices at the Å-scale. An important challenge is to assemble materials that perform many functions simultaneously and undergo structural transformations on demand. Robust assembly that is precise and configurable or programmable is particularly desirable.  \nThe assembly of NCs can be rationalized by drawing an analogy to atoms, their constituents, interactions, and the emergence of structures, as depicted in Figure 1. That is, NCscan be regarded as big atoms,7 or programmable atom equivalents8 (PAEs), defining a virtually infinite-dimensional periodic table of NCs with degrees of freedom including shape, size, chemical composition, the capping ligand, and others. The shape of NC cores (Figure 1b) is partially responsible for  \n\n| Published: May 30, 2024 |  |\n| --- | --- |\n\n© 2024 American Chemical Society  \nA  \n[https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.3c10201](https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.3c10201)  \nACS Nano XXXX, XXX, XXX−XXX  \nReview  \nFigure 1. Analogy between NCs and atoms. (a, b) NC cores play the role of atomic nuclei. (c, d) Ligands such as polymers and DNA are equifunctional to the electron shell. (e, f) Their combination gives rise to NC building blocks analogous to a","cbCaiuXp1GbfRaMH","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuXp1GbfRaMH","pdf",6397759,"English","# Introduction\n## Nanocrystals as building blocks and superstructures\n## Analogy to atoms and programmable atom equivalents","[{\"question\":\"What are nanocrystal assemblies, and why are they important?\",\"answer\":\"Nanocrystal assemblies are multiscale superstructures formed from nanocrystals that act as building blocks for nanomaterials. They matter because their structures and resulting functions can be engineered beyond what is achievable from atomic-scale crystallization.\"},{\"question\":\"How do structure and function arise in nanocrystal assemblies?\",\"answer\":\"The relationship between structure and function is central: structure is largely determined by classical effects, while function is often driven by quantum effects. This link guides how properties emerge from assembly.\"},{\"question\":\"What challenges and open problems are discussed in assembly research?\",\"answer\":\"The document highlights challenges that hamper current assembly strategies and examines whether assemblies reach thermodynamic equilibrium or instead become kinetically trapped metastable states. It also considers dynamic effects and optimization of assembly protocols.\"}]","Nanocrystal Assemblies: Current Advancesand Open Problems | PDF",1789999601,126]