[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-365161-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-365161-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","nanocarriers-for-cutting-edge-cancer-immunotherapies","Nanocarriers for cutting-edge cancer immunotherapies","","Cancer immunotherapy aims to enlist the body’s own immune system to eliminate malignant neoplastic tissues with durable effectiveness. Advances in cancer pathology and immunology have produced strategies that enhance immune responses, some already yielding strong clinical results. A next-generation focus is activating the tumor microenvironment’s multi-cellular network to deploy multiple mechanisms of action. Achieving this requires precise delivery of multiple or pleiotropic therapeutic cargos to targeted cancer sites, cells, and intracellular organelles. This review categorizes therapeutic payloads by predicted immunotherapy function and links them to nanocarriers, detailing structures, properties, advantages, and limitations, along with targeting strategies and design-ready matching summaries.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/nanocarriers-for-cutting-edge-cancer-immunotherapies/365161/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/nanocarriers-for-cutting-edge-cancer-immunotherapies/365161.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Margaret","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",8,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is the main goal of cancer immunotherapy described in the review?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"To harness the body’s own immune system to achieve effective and long-lasting elimination of malignant neoplastic tissues.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Why are nanocarriers important for next-generation immunotherapies?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"They enable delivery of multiple or pleiotropic therapeutic cargoes to targeted cancerous tissues, cells, and intracellular organelles.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What functions must successful immunotherapies achieve in the tumor microenvironment (TME)?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"They must ensure immune effector cells are present at the tumor site, penetrate into the TME, persist there over time, and maintain immune response predominance over immunosuppression and low nutrient availability.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},365161,1790264237,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},137451207643,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","Hu etal. Journal of Translational Medicine (2025) 23:447  \n[https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-025-06435-0](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-025-06435-0)  \nJournal of Translational Medicine  \n REVIEW Open Access  \nNanocarriers for cutting-edge cancer immunotherapies  \nJoyce Hu1†, Pooria M. Arvejeh2†, Sydney Bone3†, Erik Hett1, Francesco M. Marincola 1* and Kyung-Ho Roh3,4*  \nAbstract  \nCancer immunotherapy aims to harness the body’s own immune system for effective and long-lasting elimination of malignant neoplastic tissues. Owing to the advance in understanding of cancer pathology and immunology, many novel strategies for enhancing immunological responses against various cancers have been successfully developed, and some have translated into excellent clinical outcomes. As one promising strategy for the next generation of immunotherapies, activating the multi-cellular network (MCN) within the tumor microenvironment (TME) to deploy multiple mechanisms of action (MOAs) has attracted significant attention. To achieve this effectively and safely, delivering multiple or pleiotropic therapeutic cargoes to the targeted sites of cancerous tissues, cells, and intracellular organelles is critical, for which numerous nanocarriers have been developed and leveraged. In  \nthis review, we first introduce therapeutic payloads categorized according to their predicted functions in cancer immunotherapy and their physicochemical structures and forms. Then, various nanocarriers, along with their unique characteristics, properties, advantages, and limitations, are introduced with notable recent applications in cancer immunotherapy. Following discussions on targeting strategies, a summary of each nanocarrier matching with suitable therapeutic cargoes is provided with comprehensive background information for designing cancer immunotherapy regimens.  \nKeywords Cancer immunotherapy, Nanocarrier, Nanoparticle, Multi-cellular network, Immunogenic cell death, Tumor microenvironment  \n†Joyce Hu, Pooria M. Arvejeh and Sydney Bone are co-first authors.  \n*Correspondence: Francesco M. Marincola[fmarincola@gmail.com](fmarincola@gmail.com)[ ](fmarincola@gmail.com)Kyung-Ho Roh [kyung-ho. roh@uah.edu](kyung-ho. roh@uah.edu)  \n1 Translational and Advanced Medicine (TAM) Biosciences, Nashville, TN 37011, USA  \n2 Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran  \n3 Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA  \n4 Biotechnology Science and Engineering Program, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA  \nBackground  \nThe major challenge of cancer therapy is its conflicting requirements. On the one hand, cancer treatment must specifically target the neoplastic cells to avoid off-tumor systemic toxicity. However, narrow targeting of specific genes and proteins can lead to evasion, particularly in the context of rapidly evolving heterogeneous cancers. On the other hand, approaches meant to activate multiple endogenous anti-cancer mechanisms, such as immunotherapy, are less specific and more likely to cause adverse systemic effects. There is no universal cure that meets all requirements, which necessitates carefully crafted plans relying on the synergistic effects of multiple treatments. Meanwhile, the advancement of immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing multiple effector components of the body’s immune system to target and destroy cancer  \n© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do ","cbCaiiHNl69OBHTz","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiHNl69OBHTz","pdf",2151104,36,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Key requirements for successful cancer immunotherapies","[{\"question\":\"What is the main goal of cancer immunotherapy described in the review?\",\"answer\":\"To harness the body’s own immune system to achieve effective and long-lasting elimination of malignant neoplastic tissues.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are nanocarriers important for next-generation immunotherapies?\",\"answer\":\"They enable delivery of multiple or pleiotropic therapeutic cargoes to targeted cancerous tissues, cells, and intracellular organelles.\"},{\"question\":\"What functions must successful immunotherapies achieve in the tumor microenvironment (TME)?\",\"answer\":\"They must ensure immune effector cells are present at the tumor site, penetrate into the TME, persist there over time, and maintain immune response predominance over immunosuppression and low nutrient availability.\"}]","Nanocarriers for cutting-edge cancer immunotherapies | PDF",1790160217,91]