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To mitigate this, silicon dioxide nano-coating was applied to six stainless-steel drinkers and evaluated after one and three months in a pig abattoir lairage. Results were compared with uncoated equipment using microbiological testing for multiple bacterial groups and targeted pathogens, plus scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/nano-coating-with-silicon-dioxide-to-reduce-the-occurrence-of-bacterial-contamination-in-a-pig-abattoir-drinking-system/445917/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/nano-coating-with-silicon-dioxide-to-reduce-the-occurrence-of-bacterial-contamination-in-a-pig-abattoir-drinking-system/445917.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jacob","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What bacterial contamination source was targeted in this study?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The study targeted installed drinking equipment in lairage pens, described as a recently discovered source through which bacteria can enter the food chain.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How was the silicon dioxide nano-coating applied and tested?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Silicon dioxide nano-coating was applied to stainless-steel drinkers, installed for one and three months, and compared against identical but uncoated drinkers under the same conditions.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What were the main findings about bacterial loads and pathogen presence?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Nano-coating did not produce statistically significant reductions in bacterial loads or in the presence of the tested bacteria compared with uncoated equipment.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},445917,1790828694,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},962084931830,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Folia Microbiologica (2025) 70:1277–1294  \n[https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01243-x](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-025-01243-x)  \nNano-coating with silicon dioxide to reduce the occurrence of bacterial contamination in a pig abattoir drinking system  \nCeline Buder1,2 · Nina Langkabel1,2 · Alina Kirse3 · Mirjam Kalusa4 · Simone A. Fietz4 · Diana Meemken1,2  \nReceived: 2 September 2024 / Accepted: 14 January 2025 / Published online: 4 February 2025 © The Author(s) 2025  \nAbstract  \nA recently discovered source for infection of slaughter pigs, and thus entry for bacteria into the food chain, is the installed drinking equipment in lairage pens of pig abattoirs. To mitigate this, nano-coating of stainless steel, currently used in human medicine fields as well as in other parts of the food chain, appears as promising technology. In this study, silicon dioxide nano-coating was applied to six drinkers and installed for one and three months in a lairage of a pig abattoir, while results were compared with those of drinkers that had not been nano-coated. Laboratory examination of eight sample types related to the drinkers was conducted for total aerobic plate count, Enterobacteriaceae count, Pseudomonas spp. count, Salmonella presence, pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica presence, Listeria monocytogenes presence and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus presence. The nipple drinker, which the pigs take into their mouth for drinking, was then examined using scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis. The nano-coating did not produce statistically significant reductions in the loads or presence of these bacteria compared to the same but uncoated drinking equipment used under the same conditions. Further studies should focus on the implementation of combined methods, such as nano-coating and sanitary treatment, as well as modifications to the coating itself, to produce meaningful reductions of the bacterial loads on/in abattoir lairage drinking equipment.  \nKeywords Nano-coating · Silicon dioxide · Biofilm · Swine · Slaughterhouse · Drinking water distribution system  \nIntroduction  \nA nowadays widely known and used method to reduce the development of bacterial biofilms is based on nanotechnology (Ferreira et al. 2010) . It is especially common in the medical sector (Ramasamy and Lee 2016) and well  \n* Celine Buder  \nceline.buder@fu-berlin.de  \n1 Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Working Group Meat Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany  \n2 Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin,  \n14163 Berlin, Germany  \n3 Institute of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training for Health at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany  \n4 Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany  \ndeveloped on medical devices (Lukowski et al. 2019) . Next to the high value of nanotechnology in the medical sector, a more recent development is the use of nanotechnology in food production equipment (Hamad et al. 2018) . Recent studies concentrated on nanotechnology use close to the food itself (Cruz-Lopes et al. 2021), and even though nanosized food additives have been used since the middle of the twentieth century, the methodologies to use nanoparticles are still increasing (Winkler et al. 2016) . Recent findings portray the possibility of using different nano-sized particles in food, including the advantages and disadvantages (Su et al. 2022) . An already known and approved use of nanotechnology in the food industry is the coating of different processing and production surfaces at risk of contamination or biofilm formation (Sekhon 2010 ; Türetgen 2015) . These coatings can aim for different effects, i.e. antifouling (Banerjee","cbCaikDvxxvUhZuG","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikDvxxvUhZuG","pdf",2673760,18,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What bacterial contamination source was targeted in this study?\",\"answer\":\"The study targeted installed drinking equipment in lairage pens, described as a recently discovered source through which bacteria can enter the food chain.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the silicon dioxide nano-coating applied and tested?\",\"answer\":\"Silicon dioxide nano-coating was applied to stainless-steel drinkers, installed for one and three months, and compared against identical but uncoated drinkers under the same conditions.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the main findings about bacterial loads and pathogen presence?\",\"answer\":\"Nano-coating did not produce statistically significant reductions in bacterial loads or in the presence of the tested bacteria compared with uncoated equipment.\"}]","Nano-coating with silicon dioxide to reduce the occurrence of bacterial contamination in a pig abattoir drinking system | PDF",1790713258,45]