[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-329713-105":59,"doc-detail-329713-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","myosin-light-chains-in-the-progression-of-cancer","Myosin Light Chains in the Progression of Cancer","","Myosin light chains (MLCs) of non-muscle myosin II regulate cellular architecture and generate forces, with an increasingly defined function in cancer progression. Phosphorylation states govern myosin activity that drives invasion and proliferation, including cytokinesis via contractile forces and metastasis via kinase-mediated alignment of MLC structures. This review compiles MLC family members linked to progression and explains how altered activities reshape cell behavior during metastasis, covering mechanical proliferation, migration, immune impacts, and biomarker roles in staging.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/myosin-light-chains-in-the-progression-of-cancer/329713/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/myosin-light-chains-in-the-progression-of-cancer/329713.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Theodora","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How do myosin light chain phosphorylation states influence cancer progression?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Phosphorylation controls myosin activity involved in invasion and proliferation. In particular, phosphorylated light chains support cytokinesis and metastasis-related contractile behaviors.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What roles do regulatory (RLC) and essential (ELC) myosin light chains play?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"RLCs regulate filament movement through phosphorylation at specific residues, increasing ATPase and NMII activity. ELCs are grouped by related gene families that contribute to NMII function.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How are myosin light chains connected to metastasis and cell motility?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"During metastasis, kinase pathways align MLC structures to enhance motility. This involves stress fiber contraction and accumulation of myosin filaments at the leading edge.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},329713,1791248800,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":41,"preview_page_count":4},687197207919,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a000253d6f5f7c60be?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779446848396160552","Review  \nMyosin Light Chains in the Progression of Cancer Savannah L. Kozole  and Karen A. Beningo *  \nCitation: Kozole, S.L.; Beningo, K.A. Myosin Light Chains in the Progression of Cancer. Cells 2024, 13, 2081. [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)cells13242081  \nAcademic Editors: Francisco Rivero and Luigia Santella  \nReceived: 23 September 2024  \nRevised: 6 December 2024  \nAccepted: 11 December 2024  \nPublished: 17 December 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \nDepartment of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; [kozolesa@wayne.edu](kozolesa@wayne.edu)  \n* [Correspondence: beningo@wayne.edu](Correspondence: beningo@wayne.edu)  \nAbstract: The myosin light chains (MLCs) of non-muscle myosin II are known to regulate cellular architecture and generate cellular forces; they also have an increasingly emerging role in the progression of cancer. The phosphorylation state of the myosin light chains controls the activity of myosins that are implicated in invasion and proliferation. In cancers, when proliferation is greatly increased, cytokinesis relies on phosphorylated light chains to activate the contractile forces used to separate the cells. Likewise, during metastasis, kinase pathways culminate in aligning MLC structures for enhanced cell motility through stress fiber contraction and the accumulation of myosin filaments atthe leading edge. This review summarizes the myosin light chain family members known to promote cancer progression and evidence of how their altered activities change the behavior of cells involving the mechanical-based processes of proliferation and cell movements during metastasis. In addition, myosin light chains impact the immune response to cancers and currently serve as biomarkers in staging this disease; a brief summary of these topics is provided at the end of the review.  \nKeywords: Myosin light chain; metastasis; proliferation; cell mechanics; EMT; CAFs  \n1. Introduction  \nCancer is a complex disease directed not only by biochemical signals but also by physical and mechanical information. Beginning at the initial stages of tumor development and progressing to extravasation and the colonization of distant organs, cancer cells communicate with their surroundings. Information obtained as mechanical and biochemical signals is translated into behavioral changes. Mechanical signals occur within the cell and, more interestingly, originate from the cell’s external microenvironment; such signals are often referred to as inside-out and outside-in signaling [1] . This crosstalk between cancer cells and mechanical properties in the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains poorly defined. A highly generalized view is that changes in the cytoskeletal architecture of cells lead to mechanical alterations in cell stiffness and changes in shape that activate key signaling pathways and downstream effectors that eventually mediate metastasis [2] . These biomechanical signals are transmitted bidirectionally through receptors, the extracellular matrix (ECM), and cytoskeletal components. It is these molecular interactions that impact cell-cycle progression and gene transcription, leading to the aberrant proliferation of cancer cells. Likewise, the multistep process of metastasis exploits mechanical forces for the mesenchymal transition and the generation of migratory forces and remodeling forces that occur in the tumor microenvironment. With the help of mechanical and biochemical factors, tumor cells leverage a niche tumor microenvironment built for proliferation and metastasis [3,4] .  \nClearly, contractile elements are necessary ","cbCaigzCEFPXLTzP","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigzCEFPXLTzP","pdf",1338453,12,"English","# Introduction\n## Cancer as biochemical and mechanical information\n## Role of non-muscle myosin II (NMII)\n## MLC phosphorylation and regulation\n## RLC and ELC gene families\n# Further sections","[{\"question\":\"How do myosin light chain phosphorylation states influence cancer progression?\",\"answer\":\"Phosphorylation controls myosin activity involved in invasion and proliferation. In particular, phosphorylated light chains support cytokinesis and metastasis-related contractile behaviors.\"},{\"question\":\"What roles do regulatory (RLC) and essential (ELC) myosin light chains play?\",\"answer\":\"RLCs regulate filament movement through phosphorylation at specific residues, increasing ATPase and NMII activity. ELCs are grouped by related gene families that contribute to NMII function.\"},{\"question\":\"How are myosin light chains connected to metastasis and cell motility?\",\"answer\":\"During metastasis, kinase pathways align MLC structures to enhance motility. This involves stress fiber contraction and accumulation of myosin filaments at the leading edge.\"}]","Myosin Light Chains in the Progression of Cancer | PDF",1789985293]