[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-330209-105":59,"doc-detail-330209-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","myeloid-derived-suppressor-cells-therapeutic-target-for-gastrointestinal-cancers","Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells - Therapeutic Target for Gastrointestinal Cancers","","Gastrointestinal cancers remain difficult to treat, and established approaches—surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy—have shown limited efficacy. Tumor microenvironment research has therefore focused on identifying actionable immune-evasion mechanisms. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are highlighted as key drivers of MDSC-mediated pathogenesis and progression in GI malignancies. This review evaluates MDSCs as therapeutic targets and surveys the clinical trial landscape of completed and ongoing studies.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/myeloid-derived-suppressor-cells-therapeutic-target-for-gastrointestinal-cancers/330209/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/myeloid-derived-suppressor-cells-therapeutic-target-for-gastrointestinal-cancers/330209.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Anda","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why are MDSCs considered important in gastrointestinal cancers?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"MDSCs are described as major components of the tumor microenvironment that drive immune suppression and contribute to GI cancer pathogenesis and progression.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do myeloid-derived suppressor cells develop and become immunosuppressive?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Disrupted myelopoiesis leads immature myeloid cells to acquire immunosuppressive activity in cancer or chronic inflammation, including via JAK/STAT3 signaling, with further activation through TLR and cytokine signaling.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What MDSC subsets are discussed, and how are they defined?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The review divides MDSCs into polymorphonuclear/granulocytic (PMN/G-MDSCs), monocytic (M-MDSCs), and early progenitor populations (eMDSCs), each characterized by distinct cell surface marker patterns.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},330209,1790156752,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962075006959,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/e0002397efbe92a78e?_k=1776741047341049297","Review  \nMyeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: Therapeutic Target for Gastrointestinal Cancers  \nJunaid Arshad 1,†, Amith Rao 2,†, Matthew L. Repp 3, Rohit Rao 4, Clinton Wu 2 and Juanita L. Merchant 5, *  \nCitation: Arshad, J.; Rao, A.; Repp, M.L.; Rao, R.; Wu, C.; Merchant, J.L. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: Therapeutic Target for Gastrointestinal Cancers. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 2985. [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)[10.3390/ijms25052985](10.3390/ijms25052985)  \nAcademic Editors: Ana M. L. Seca and Diana I. Ivanova  \nReceived: 2 January 2024  \nRevised: 26 February 2024  \nAccepted: 29 February 2024  \nPublished: 4 March 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 University of Arizona Cancer Center, GI Medical Oncology, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; [junaidarshad@arizona.edu](junaidarshad@arizona.edu)  \n2 Banner University Medical Center—University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; [raoa@arizona.edu](raoa@arizona.edu) (A.R.)  \n3 College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; [matthewrepp@arizona.edu](matthewrepp@arizona.edu)  \n4 University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; [rohit.rao@uhhospitals.org](rohit.rao@uhhospitals.org)  \n5 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA  \n* [Correspondence: jmerchant@arizona.edu](Correspondence: jmerchant@arizona.edu)  \n† These authors contributed equally to this work.  \nAbstract: Gastrointestinal cancers represent one of the more challenging cancers to treat. Current strategies to cure and control gastrointestinal (GI) cancers like surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy have met with limited success, and research has turned towards further characterizing the tumor microenvironment to develop novel therapeutics. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have emerged as crucial drivers of pathogenesis and progression within the tumor microenvironment in GI malignancies. Many MDSCs clinical targets have been defined in preclinical models, that potentially play an integral role in blocking recruitment and expansion, promoting MDSC differentiation into mature myeloid cells, depleting existing MDSCs, altering MDSC metabolic pathways, and directly inhibiting MDSC function. This review article analyzes the role of MDSCs in GI cancers as viable therapeutic targets for gastrointestinal malignancies and reviews the existing clinical trial landscape of recently completed and ongoing clinical studies testing novel therapeuticsin GI cancers.  \nKeywords: MDSC; gastrointestinal cancer; tumor microenvironment; CCR5; IDO-1; PDE; CXCR2  \n1. Introduction  \nMalignancies of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract represent some of the most difficult cancers to manage in clinical practice. Despite combinations of surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and sometimes immunotherapy, the 5-year survival in GI malignancies (all stages combined) ranges from a high of 65% in colorectal cancer (CRC) to 12% in pancreatic cancer [1] . As targeting tumor cells with standard chemoradiation and surgery has limitations in ensuring long-term tumor control, cancer research has turned to characterization of the tumor microenvironment (TME) to ensure better outcomes in anticancer therapy. The tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of GI cancers, influencing tumor growth, invasion, and response to therapy. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a major component of the TME and play a crucial role in immune suppression and pathogenesis of GI cancers [1,2] . This narrative review w","cbCaijgR5pDqmPnS","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijgR5pDqmPnS","pdf",653698,18,"English","# Abstract\n# 1. Introduction\n# 2. Development and Classification of MDSCs","[{\"question\":\"Why are MDSCs considered important in gastrointestinal cancers?\",\"answer\":\"MDSCs are described as major components of the tumor microenvironment that drive immune suppression and contribute to GI cancer pathogenesis and progression.\"},{\"question\":\"How do myeloid-derived suppressor cells develop and become immunosuppressive?\",\"answer\":\"Disrupted myelopoiesis leads immature myeloid cells to acquire immunosuppressive activity in cancer or chronic inflammation, including via JAK/STAT3 signaling, with further activation through TLR and cytokine signaling.\"},{\"question\":\"What MDSC subsets are discussed, and how are they defined?\",\"answer\":\"The review divides MDSCs into polymorphonuclear/granulocytic (PMN/G-MDSCs), monocytic (M-MDSCs), and early progenitor populations (eMDSCs), each characterized by distinct cell surface marker patterns.\"}]","Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells - Therapeutic Target for Gastrointestinal Cancers | PDF",1789987719,45]