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This review emphasizes obesity and metabolic dysfunction within the NCI-funded Metabolic Dysfunction and Cancer Risk Program consortium (MeDOC). 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Risk modeling requires quantifying cancer onset, such as incidence or latency.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How are obesity and cancers like breast and colorectal connected in the review?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Both breast and colorectal cancers are linked to obesity, and the review highlights different murine model approaches and key findings related to risk, prevention, or interception for these cancers.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},366302,1790195489,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},1374404730887,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript  \n\n| | HHS Public Access\u003Cbr>Author manuscript\u003Cbr>Cancer Prev Res (Phila). Author manuscript; available in PMC 2025 July 24. |\n| --- | --- |\n\nPublished in final edited form as:  \nCancer Prev Res (Phila). 2025 September 02; 18(9): 509–529. doi:10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-24-0545 .  \nMurine Models of Obesity-Related Cancer Risk  \nLukmon M. Raji 1 , Monowarul M. Siddique2 , Margaret S. Bohm 1 , Joseph F. Pierre3 , Mary C. Playdon2 , Scott A. Summers2 , Bing Li4 , Katherine L. Cook5 , E. Angela Murphy6 , Liza Makowski 1,7,8  \n1 Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennesse.  \n2The Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.  \n3 Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.  \n4 Department of Pathology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.  \n5 Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.  \n6 Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.  \n7 Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.  \n8 UTHSC Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.  \nAbstract  \nObesity is a global menace that has impacted more than 14% of adults worldwide and more thana third of Americans. Importantly, obesity is associated with an increased risk of more than 13 types of cancer and worse outcomes, including increased mortality. This review focuses on the importance of considering obesity and metabolic dysfunction in cancer risk as part ofthe NCI’s funded consortium known as the Metabolic Dysfunction and Cancer Risk Program. It describes previous and ongoing mouse models used in studies conducted by Metabolic Dysfunction and Cancer Risk Program consortium members, as well as other relevant studies. Most cancer studies examine tumor progression, metastasis, or recurrence, which are consequences following tumor onset; however, this approach does not consider risk per se. To truly model cancer risk, parameters to measure include the quantification of cancer onset, measured as incidence or latency. Investigators must be cognizant of many factors in study design, including the choice  \nThis open access article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license.  \nCorresponding Author: Liza Makowski, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 19 South Manassas Street, UTHSC CRB 322, Memphis, TN 38163.  \n[Liza.makowski@uthsc.edu](Liza.makowski@uthsc.edu).  \nAuthor Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript  \nRaji et al. Page 2  \nof cancer model and genetic strain. Preclinical approaches addressing risk typically include genetically engineered mouse models or the administration of irritants or carcinogens. We also discuss the transplantation of cells or tumors such as allografts or xenografts, with a focus on tumor rejection or regression to approximate cancer risk, not cancer progression. Herein, we highlight two cancers, breast and colorectal cancers, in which risk is associated with obesity and discussed varied murine model approaches, as well as key findings that explore cancer risk, prevention, or interception.  \nIntroduction  \nThe global population of obese individuals is increasing exponentially, with more than half of the world’s population expected to be overweight or obese by 2035 (1) . More than 40% of adult Americans are either overweight or obes","cbCaiv9GPzrPXkjm","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiv9GPzrPXkjm","pdf",667654,38,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Obesity trends and cancer links\n## Rationale for studying cancer risk\n# Mechanistic background","[{\"question\":\"What is the main focus of this review?\",\"answer\":\"The review explains how to consider obesity and metabolic dysfunction in cancer risk and summarizes relevant mouse models used by the MeDOC consortium and other studies.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the review stress measuring cancer risk rather than only progression?\",\"answer\":\"Most studies examine tumor progression, metastasis, or recurrence, which occur after tumor onset. Risk modeling requires quantifying cancer onset, such as incidence or latency.\"},{\"question\":\"How are obesity and cancers like breast and colorectal connected in the review?\",\"answer\":\"Both breast and colorectal cancers are linked to obesity, and the review highlights different murine model approaches and key findings related to risk, prevention, or interception for these cancers.\"}]","Murine Models of Obesity-Related Cancer Risk | PDF",1790164667,96]