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Patients with suspected lung cancer, later diagnosed with primary lung cancer, other cancers, or no cancer, were included. Plasma samples were analyzed using the Olink Immuno-Onc-I panel with relative quantification of 92 proteins, and associations were tested via generalized linear models controlling for age, gender, smoking, and pulmonary diseases. A five-protein panel improved diagnostic performance for early and advanced primary lung cancer versus no cancer; adding four additional proteins further increased performance, supporting combined plasma protein profiles for predictive identification and early detection.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/multiplex-plasma-protein-assays-as-a-diagnostic-tool-for-lung-cancer/332581/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/multiplex-plasma-protein-assays-as-a-diagnostic-tool-for-lung-cancer/332581.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Riley","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What problem does the study address regarding lung cancer diagnosis?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study targets the lack of established noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers, which contributes to delayed lung cancer diagnosis.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were plasma proteins measured and analyzed?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Plasma proteins were quantified using the Olink Immuno-Onc-I panel with 92 proteins, and protein-diagnosis associations were assessed using generalized linear models controlling for confounders.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which protein panels showed diagnostic performance for primary lung cancer?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"A five-protein combination (CD83, GZMA, GZMB, CD8A, and MMP12) improved diagnostic performance for primary lung cancer versus no cancer in both early and advanced stages; adding GAL9, PDCD1, CD4, and HO1 further increased performance, especially in advanced stage and for other cancers.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},332581,1790176572,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":36,"preview_page_count":4},1374391975076,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253ca4ec9f6853?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1783305029341752051","DOI: 10. 1111/cas.16300  \nOR I G I NAL ART I C L E  \nMultiplex plasma protein assays as a diagnostic tool for lung cancer  \nMohammad Tanvir Ahamed1  | Jenny Forshed2 | Adrian Levitsky1 | Janne Lehtiö2 | Amanj Bajalan3 | Maria Pernemalm2 | Lars E. Eriksson4,5,6 | Björn Andersson7  \n1Department of Learning, Informatics,  \nManagement and Ethics (LIME), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden  \n2Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden 3 Department of Microbiology, Tumor & Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden  \n4Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden  \n5School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, London, UK  \n6Medical Unit Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden  \n7Department of Cell and molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden  \nCorrespondence  \nMohammad Tanvir Ahamed, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics (LIME), Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18, Stockholm171 77, Sweden.  \nEmail: [tanvir.ahamed@ki.se](tanvir.ahamed@ki.se)  \nFunding information  \nSjöbergstiftelsen, Grant/Award Number: 2022-01-11:7; Vetenskapsrådet, Grant/  \nAward Number: 2016-01712 and 2019-01222; The Cancer Society in Stockholmin, Grant/Award Number:  \n191092 and 211073  \nAbstract  \nLack of the established noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers causes delay in diagnosis of lung cancer (LC) . The aim of this study was to explore the association between inflammatory and cancer-associated plasma proteins and LC and thereby discover potential biomarkers. Patients referred for suspected LC and later diagnosed with primary LC, other cancers, or no cancer (NC) were included in this study. Demographic information and plasma samples were collected, and diagnostic information was later retrieved from medical records. Relative quantification of 92 plasma proteins was carried out using the Olink Immuno-Onc-I panel. Association between expression levels of panel of proteins with different diagnoses was assessed using generalized linear model (GLM) with the binomial family and a logit-link function, considering confounder effects of age, gender, smoking, and pulmonary diseases. The analysis showed that the combination of five plasma proteins (CD83, GZMA, GZMB, CD8A, and MMP12) has higher diagnostic performance for primary LC in both early and advanced stages compared with NC. This panel demonstrated lower diagnostic performance for other cancer types. Moreover, inclusion of four proteins (GAL9, PDCD1, CD4, and HO1) to the aforementioned panel significantly increased the diagnostic performance for primary LC in advanced stage as well as for other cancers. Consequently, the collective expression profiles of select plasma proteins, especially when analyzed in conjunction, might have the potential to distinguish individuals with LC from NC. This suggests their utility as predictive biomarkers for identification of LC patients. The synergistic application of these proteins as biomarkers could pave the way for the development of diagnostic tools for early-stage LC detection.  \nK E Y WO R D S  \nconfounder correction, diagnostic biomarker, liquid biopsy, lung cancer, machine learning, plasma proteomics, screening  \nAbbreviations: ADC, adenocarcinoma; AUC, area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve; cfDNA, cell-free DNA; CTCs, circulating tumor cells; ctDNA, circulating tumor DNA; LC, lung cancer; miRNAs, micro RNAs; NC, no cancer; NPX, normalized protein expression; NSCLC, non-small cell LC; PEA, proximity extension assay; SCC, squamous cell carcinoma; SCLC, small cell LC; TEPs, tumor-educated platelets.  \nLars E. Eriksson and Björn Andersson contributed equally as last authors.  \nThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs Li","cbCaijiYkJHkPEOs","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijiYkJHkPEOs","pdf",25529122,16,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the study address regarding lung cancer diagnosis?\",\"answer\":\"The study targets the lack of established noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers, which contributes to delayed lung cancer diagnosis.\"},{\"question\":\"How were plasma proteins measured and analyzed?\",\"answer\":\"Plasma proteins were quantified using the Olink Immuno-Onc-I panel with 92 proteins, and protein-diagnosis associations were assessed using generalized linear models controlling for confounders.\"},{\"question\":\"Which protein panels showed diagnostic performance for primary lung cancer?\",\"answer\":\"A five-protein combination (CD83, GZMA, GZMB, CD8A, and MMP12) improved diagnostic performance for primary lung cancer versus no cancer in both early and advanced stages; adding GAL9, PDCD1, CD4, and HO1 further increased performance, especially in advanced stage and for other cancers.\"}]","Multiplex plasma protein assays as a diagnostic tool for lung cancer | PDF",1789998805]