[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-454852-105":59,"doc-detail-454852-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","multimodality-imaging-in-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-review-open-access","Multimodality imaging in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - review - open access","","Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a myocardial disorder defined by unexplained hypertrophy. While traditional diagnosis relies on increased left ventricular (LV) wall thickness, contemporary management needs a comprehensive multimodality imaging strategy to define disease phenotype, evaluate functional consequences, and support risk stratification. Transthoracic echocardiography is the first-line approach but may be limited for tissue characterization and complex variants. Cardiac magnetic resonance detects myocardial fibrosis, and cardiac computed tomography complements assessment of coronary anatomy and cardiac structure, especially when echocardiographic windows are suboptimal or CMR is contraindicated.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/multimodality-imaging-in-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-review-open-access/454852/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/multimodality-imaging-in-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-review-open-access/454852.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Adam","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-06","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is the traditional basis for diagnosing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Diagnosis is traditionally based on increased left ventricular (LV) wall thickness, indicating myocardial hypertrophy without another explanation.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Why is a multimodality imaging approach important in HCM management?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"A multimodality strategy is needed to accurately define disease phenotype, assess functional consequences, and guide risk stratification and therapeutic decision-making.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What distinct roles do echocardiography, CMR, and CT play in evaluating HCM?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Echocardiography is first-line for real-time assessment of LV morphology and function, CMR provides superior spatial resolution and can detect fibrosis, and CT complements evaluation of coronary anatomy and detailed cardiac structure when echocardiography or CMR is limited.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},454852,1790812703,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1374404737137,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Kim and Lee  \nJournal of Cardiovascular Imaging (2026) 34:1 [https://doi.org/10.1186/s44348-025-00060-7](https://doi.org/10.1186/s44348-025-00060-7)  \nJournal of Cardiovascular Imaging  \n REVIEW Open Access  \nMultimodality imaging in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy  \nJihoon Kim 1 and Sang‑Chol Lee 1*  \nAbstract  \nHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a myocardial disorder characterized by unexplained myocardial hypertrophy. Although the diagnosis of HCM is traditionally based on increased left ventricular (LV) wall thickness, contemporary management requires a comprehensive multimodality imaging approach to accurately define disease phenotype, assess functional consequences, and guide risk stratification. Transthoracic echocardiography remains the first‑line imaging modality, providing real‑time evaluation of LV morphology, systolic and diastolic function, and LV outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) . However, its ability to assess myocardial tissue characteristics and complex morphologic variants may be limited in selected patients. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) offers superior spatial resolution and allows detection of myocardial fibrosis using late gadolinium enhancement. Cardiac computed tomography serves as a complementary tool for evaluating coronary artery anatomy and detailed cardiac structure, particularly in patients with suboptimal echocardiographic windows or contraindications to CMR. This review summarizes the strengths and limitations of each imaging modality and highlights their complementary roles in the evaluation of cardiac morphology, systolic and diastolic function, LVOTO, and tissue characterization. An integrated imaging strat‑ egy is essential for optimized diagnosis, individualized risk stratification, and informed therapeutic decision‑making in patients with HCM.  \nKeywords Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Imaging, Magnetic resonance imaging, Computed tomography  \nBackground  \nHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a relatively common inherited disorder characterized by thickening of the myocardium in the absence of abnormal loading conditions. Although the diagnosis of HCM is primarily based on increased left ventricular (LV) wall thickness, the disease presents with diverse morphological phenotypes and hemodynamic profiles [1]. Therefore, appropriate imaging modalities play a central role in the comprehensive evaluation of both suspected and confirmed HCM cases. Transthoracic echocardiography  \n*Correspondence: Sang‑Chol Lee [chrislee.echo@gmail.com](chrislee.echo@gmail.com)  \n1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Stroke Vascular Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea  \n(TTE) is typically the first-line tool, as it provides immediate assessment of structural and functional parameters, including myocardial thickness, systolic and diastolic function, and LV outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO). Additionally, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) offers precise measurements of cardiac size and function, while also detecting myocardial fibrosis or scarring, which may influence clinical outcomes. Cardiac computed tomography (CT) can be useful for evaluating coronary artery anatomy or clarifying structural abnormalities not well visualized on echocardiography or CMR. Each imaging modality should be selected based on the specific clinical question and the inherent strengths ofthe technique.  \nCardiac morphology  \nDiagnosis  \nThe diagnosis of HCM can be established by a maximal end-diastolic wall thickness of ≥ 15 mm in any segment  \n© The Author(s) 2026, modified publication 2026. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. T","cbCailLRsGK8fuee","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailLRsGK8fuee","pdf",2618690,"English","# Abstract\n# Background\n# Cardiac morphology\n## Diagnosis","[{\"question\":\"What is the traditional basis for diagnosing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)?\",\"answer\":\"Diagnosis is traditionally based on increased left ventricular (LV) wall thickness, indicating myocardial hypertrophy without another explanation.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is a multimodality imaging approach important in HCM management?\",\"answer\":\"A multimodality strategy is needed to accurately define disease phenotype, assess functional consequences, and guide risk stratification and therapeutic decision-making.\"},{\"question\":\"What distinct roles do echocardiography, CMR, and CT play in evaluating HCM?\",\"answer\":\"Echocardiography is first-line for real-time assessment of LV morphology and function, CMR provides superior spatial resolution and can detect fibrosis, and CT complements evaluation of coronary anatomy and detailed cardiac structure when echocardiography or CMR is limited.\"}]","Multimodality imaging in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - review - open access | PDF",1790741502,25]