[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-134479-en":3,"doc-seo-134479-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},134479,2336475104957,"นรินทร์","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000c4c6bd8a5076e1?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1787554080175789136",8,"Research & Report","MULTIMODAL VOCABULARY LEARNING THROUGH MANGA - IN JAPANESE AS A WORLD LANGUAGE - Dissertation Abstract","This study investigates how manga, a Japanese comic form, influences vocabulary learning for college-level Japanese as a world language (JWL) learners. While vocabulary acquisition in world language education has been studied extensively, multimodal literature with image and text, such as manga, has received less attention. The research examines manga’s effects on context building, inference for unknown words, and vocabulary retention. Using a two-period crossover design, results show manga supports inference, with effects that diminish over two weeks without repetition and output activities.","MULTIMODAL VOCABULARY LEARNING THROUGH MANGA  \nIN JAPANESE AS A WORLD LANGUAGE  \nby  \nAtsuko Suga Borgmann  \nA Dissertation Submitted in  \nPartial Fulfillment of the  \nRequirements for the Degree of  \nDoctor of Philosophy  \nin Urban Education  \nat  \nThe University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee  \nDecember 2023  \nABSTRACT  \nMULTIMODAL VOCABULARY LEARNING THROUGH MANGAIN JAPANESE AS A WORLD LANGUAGE  \nby  \nAtsuko Suga Borgmann  \nThe University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2023  \nUnder the Supervision of Professor Candance Doerr-Stevens  \nThis study investigates the effect of manga, a form of Japanese comic strip, on vocabulary learning among college-level Japanese as a world language (JWL) learners. Vocabulary acquisition through reading in the context of world language education has been researched widely, but less attention has been devoted to multimodal literature with image and text such as manga. This research examines how manga’s multimodality affects learners’ context building, inference for unknown words and how manga affects retaining vocabulary. The study raises three research questions. First, to what extent does manga influence one’s ability to infer the meaning of unknown words compared to the text with English glossary? Second, to what extent does manga influence the speed at which one can infer meanings of unknown words compared to the text with English glossary? Lastly, to what extent does manga affect the retention of vocabulary over two weeks as compared to the text with English glossary? To answer these research questions, a two-period, two-sequence crossover design was used. Students participated from two university Japanese courses. Forty-two participants completed the task for the first two research questions, and 30 participants completed the task for the final research question. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups: manga reading in week 1 and text reading with English glossary in week 2, and text reading with English glossary in week 1 and manga reading in week 2. The statistical analysis was conducted through a repeated-measure t-test for  \nresearch question 1, a Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test for research question 2, and a two-way repeated measures ANOVA, an ANCOVA and t-tests for research question 3.  \nResults suggested that manga was effective for inferring unknown vocabulary, and the inference was supported by manga’s multimodality. The times participants spent reading two different texts did not differ significantly. The two-way repeated measures ANOVA indicated an interaction between the text type and the time passing. A general linear model test with repeated measures on different text types indicated that there was a significant difference in mean inference score, but there was no significant difference in mean retention score between the two different text types. However, follow-up t-tests indicated that there was a significant increase in score from pretest to retention through manga reading only. These results could be due to a small number of participants (statistical power is too low), and therefore, it is concluded that the text types did not affect their retention significantly. In addition, the results revealed that the vocabulary score between the vocabulary inference score and the retention through manga was significantly decreased, meaning that manga’s effect on inference was lost over two weeks. This suggests manga’s advantage in initial inference using context, and it is necessary to engage in repetition and other output activities to maintain the effect.  \n© Copyright by Atsuko Suga Borgmann, 2023 All Rights Reserved  \niv  \nDedication  \nDedicated to my family, whose unwavering support empowered me to follow my aspirations.  \nTABLE OF CONTENTS  \nLIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................. ix  \nLIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................","cbCaibMebMV8MmbH","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibMebMV8MmbH","pdf",15340344,1,331,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Short History of World Language Education in the US\n## Importance of language learning\n## Japanese Language Education in the US\n## Unique Challenges of the Japanese Language\n## The Current Status of World Language Education\n## Manga and Graphic Novels in Language Classrooms\n## Vocabulary Acquisition in World Language Education\n# Literature Review\n## Multimodality and Manga\n## What is Multimodality?\n## Mode","[{\"question\":\"How does manga affect learners’ ability to infer unknown vocabulary compared with text plus an English glossary?\",\"answer\":\"Results indicate manga is effective for inferring unknown vocabulary, and learners’ inference is supported by manga’s multimodality.\"},{\"question\":\"Does manga change the speed of inferring meanings of unknown words?\",\"answer\":\"The study analyzes inference time and reports no significant difference in the time participants spent reading the two different text types.\"},{\"question\":\"How does manga influence vocabulary retention over two weeks?\",\"answer\":\"Vocabulary retention differences between manga and text with an English glossary were not significant overall, but follow-up results show a significant increase from pretest to retention only through manga reading; the manga’s inference advantage diminished over two weeks without repetition and other output activities.\"}]","MULTIMODAL VOCABULARY LEARNING THROUGH MANGA - IN JAPANESE AS A WORLD LANGUAGE - Dissertation Abstract | PDF",1787263786,834,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":28},"multimodal-vocabulary-learning-through-manga-in-japanese-as-a-world-language-dissertation-abstract","",{"@graph":36,"@context":86},[37,54,69],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/multimodal-vocabulary-learning-through-manga-in-japanese-as-a-world-language-dissertation-abstract/134479/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-24","2026-08-20",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"How does manga affect learners’ ability to infer unknown vocabulary compared with text plus an English glossary?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"Results indicate manga is effective for inferring unknown vocabulary, and learners’ inference is supported by manga’s multimodality.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"Does manga change the speed of inferring meanings of unknown words?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"The study analyzes inference time and reports no significant difference in the time participants spent reading the two different text types.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"How does manga influence vocabulary retention over two weeks?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"Vocabulary retention differences between manga and text with an English glossary were not significant overall, but follow-up results show a significant increase from pretest to retention only through manga reading; the manga’s inference advantage diminished over two weeks without repetition and other output activities.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":88,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":90,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":93},[94,98,102,106,111,116,121,124,129,132,136],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":113,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":115},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":118,"show_sort_weight":119,"slug":120},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":123},30,"research-report",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":126,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":128},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":130,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":131},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":133,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":134,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":135},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":137,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":138,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":139},19,"General","general"]