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Proliferation is assessed via cell-number fold change and doubling time, while senescence and replicative stress are measured using age-related gene expression, SA-β-gal staining, and γH2AX immunofluorescence. Antioxidative activity and multilineage differentiation are analyzed by RT-qPCR and multiple staining assays across chondrogenic, osteogenic, adipogenic, hepatogenic, and tenogenic lineages.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/multilineage-differentiation-potential-in-the-infant-adipose-and-umbilical-cord-derived-mesenchymal-stem-cells/436074/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/multilineage-differentiation-potential-in-the-infant-adipose-and-umbilical-cord-derived-mesenchymal-stem-cells/436074.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Liam","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",15,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is the main purpose of comparing infant ADSCs and UCSCs?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"To compare their biological properties in terms of proliferation and differentiation capabilities.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does the study evaluate senescence and replicative stress?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"By measuring age-related gene expression, SA-β-gal staining, and γH2AX immunofluorescence.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Which differentiation and proliferation outcomes favor infant ADSCs?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Infant ADSCs show higher proliferation rates, reduced senescence/replicative stress, higher antioxidative gene expression, and stronger differentiation potential toward chondrogenic, osteogenic, adipogenic, and hepatogenic lineages.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},436074,1791029207,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},8796095461564,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","J Chin MedAssoc  \nOriginal article  \nMultilineage differentiation potential in the infant adipose-and umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells  \nHui-Kuang Huanga–d, Kuang-Kai Hsuehe, Yu-Ting Liaob,f, Szu-Hsien Wua,f,g, Po-Hsin Choub, Shih-Han Yehe, Jung-Pan Wanga,b,*  \naDepartment of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; bDepartment of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; cDepartment of Orthopaedics, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC; dDepartment of Food Nutrition, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC; eDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; fDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; gDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC  \nAbstract  \nBackground: This study aims to compare the biological properties of infant adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (infant ADSCs) from excised polydactyly fat tissue and umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCSCs) in terms of proliferation and differentiation capabilities. The proliferation of infant ADSCs and UCSCs was analyzed by determining the fold changes of cell numbers and doubling time periods.  \nMethods: The state of senescence and replicative stress was compared by analyzing the expression of age-related genes, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining, and phosphorylated histone variant H2AX (γH2AX) immunofluorescence staining. The expression levels of superoxide dismutase (SODs) and genes related to multilineage differentiation were analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) . Differentiation levels were determined using histochemical staining, immunohistochemical staining, and immunofluorescence staining.  \nResults: Infant ADSCs exhibited higher proliferation rates and expression levels of SOD1 , SOD2 , and SOD3 at passages 3–5 compared with UCSCs. Senescence related genes (p16 , p21 , and p53), SA-β-gal staining, and replicative stress analysis were reduced in infant ADSCs. The expression levels of chondrogenic genes (COL2 and COL10), osteogenic genes (RUNX2 and ALP), adipogenic genes (LPL), and hepatogenic genes (ALB and TAT) in infant ADSC-differentiated cells were significantly higher than those in UCSCs. Histochemical and immunofluorescence staining confirmed these results. Only the expression levels of tenogenic genes (MMP3 , DCN, and COL3) in infant ADSC-differentiated cells were lower than those in UCSCs.  \nConclusion: Infant ADSCs exhibit higher proliferation rates, reduced cellular senescence and replicative stress, better antioxidative activity, and higher differentiation potential toward chondrogenic, osteogenic, adipogenic and hepatogenic lineages than UCSCs. Keywords: Infant adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells; Multilineage differentiation; Proliferation; Senescence; Umbilical cordderived mesenchymal stem cells  \n1. INTRODUCTION  \nMultipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered tobe ideal sources of stem cells for tissue regeneration because of their high proliferation ability and potential to differentiate into  \n*Address correspondence. Dr Jung-Pan Wang, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Section 2, Shi-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan, [ROC. E-mail address: jpwang801@gmail.com](ROC. E-mail address: jpwang801@gmail.com) (J.-P. Wang). Author contributions: Dr. Hui-Kuang Huang and Dr. Kuang-Kai Hsueh contributed equally to this work.  \nConflicts of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to the subject matter or materials discussed in this article.  \nJournal of Chinese Medical Ass","cbCaitOyWjxrfrBY","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitOyWjxrfrBY","pdf",1139225,13,"English","# Introduction\n# Materials and Methods\n# Results\n# Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of comparing infant ADSCs and UCSCs?\",\"answer\":\"To compare their biological properties in terms of proliferation and differentiation capabilities.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the study evaluate senescence and replicative stress?\",\"answer\":\"By measuring age-related gene expression, SA-β-gal staining, and γH2AX immunofluorescence.\"},{\"question\":\"Which differentiation and proliferation outcomes favor infant ADSCs?\",\"answer\":\"Infant ADSCs show higher proliferation rates, reduced senescence/replicative stress, higher antioxidative gene expression, and stronger differentiation potential toward chondrogenic, osteogenic, adipogenic, and hepatogenic lineages.\"}]","Multilineage differentiation potential in the infant adipose-and umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells | PDF",1790676679,33]