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Strategies that target these hallmarks aim to block abnormal signaling, restore growth suppression, prevent invasion and metastasis, inhibit angiogenesis, limit replicative immortality, modulate immune responses, trigger apoptosis, and manage genome instability while regulating cellular energetics. Usnic acid (UA), a natural lichen-derived compound, has been studied as a cytotoxic agent against cancer cells from diverse origins. Although full mechanisms remain incomplete, UA is positioned as a promising therapeutic candidate. The review summarizes UA activity in disrupting cancer hallmarks using recent mechanistic research.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/multifaceted-properties-of-usnic-acid-in-disrupting-cancer-hallmarks/329204/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/multifaceted-properties-of-usnic-acid-in-disrupting-cancer-hallmarks/329204.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Sage","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What are cancer hallmarks and why are they important for therapy?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Cancer hallmarks are fundamental characteristics acquired during tumor development. Targeting them offers an organizing framework for designing therapies to disrupt multiple cancer processes.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the review describe the therapeutic rationale for targeting hallmarks?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The review outlines approaches such as inhibiting abnormal signaling, reactivating growth suppressors, blocking invasion and metastasis, limiting angiogenesis, modulating immunity, inducing apoptosis, and addressing genome instability and cellular energetics.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What is usnic acid (UA) and what role does it play according to the review?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Usnic acid is a natural compound found in lichens. It has been explored as a cytotoxic agent against cancer cells from different origins, and its ability to disrupt cancer hallmarks is reviewed based on recent mechanistic studies.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},329204,1790193286,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},687197207057,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","biomedicines  \nReview  \nMultifaceted Properties of Usnic Acid in Disrupting Cancer Hallmarks  \nMariola Gimła  and Anna Herman-Antosiewicz *  \nCitation: Gimła, M.;  \nHerman-Antosiewicz, A. Multifaceted Properties of Usnic Acid in Disrupting Cancer Hallmarks. Biomedicines 2024, 12, 2199. [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)biomedicines12102199  \nAcademic Editor: Bo-Ying Bao  \nReceived: 29 August 2024  \nRevised: 18 September 2024  \nAccepted: 20 September 2024  \nPublished: 26 September 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \nDepartment of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gda ´nsk, 80-308 Gda ´nsk, Poland; [mariola.gimla@phdstud.ug.edu.pl](mariola.gimla@phdstud.ug.edu.pl)  \n* Correspondence: [anna.herman-antosiewicz@ug.edu.pl](anna.herman-antosiewicz@ug.edu.pl)  \nAbstract: Cancer, a complex group of diseases marked by uncontrolled cell growth and invasive behavior, is characterized by distinct hallmarks acquired during tumor development. These hallmarks, first proposed by Douglas Hanahan and Robert Weinberg in 2000, provide a framework for understanding cancer’s complexity. Targeting them is a key strategy in cancer therapy. It includes inhibiting abnormal signaling, reactivating growth suppressors, preventing invasion and metastasis, inhibiting angiogenesis, limiting replicative immortality, modulating the immune system, inducing apoptosis, addressing genome instability and regulating cellular energetics. Usnic acid (UA) is a natural compound found in lichens that has been explored as a cytotoxic agent against cancer cells of different origins. Although the exact mechanisms remain incompletely understood, UA presents a promising compound for therapeutic intervention. Understanding its impact on cancer hallmarks provides valuable insights into the potential of UA in developing targeted and multifaceted cancer therapies. This article explores UA activity in the context of disrupting hallmarks in cancer cells of different origins based on recent articles that emphasize the molecular mechanisms of this activity.  \nKeywords: usnic acid (UA); antiproliferative activity; cancer treatment; cancer hallmarks; lichens  \n1. Introduction  \nCancer is a complex group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and the ability of cells to invade surrounding tissues. The hallmarks of cancer are a set of fundamental characteristics acquired by cancer cells during the development of the disease. Initially proposed by Douglas Hanahan and Robert Weinberg in 2000, these hallmarks provide an organizing principle for understanding the complexity of cancer [1] . The original six hallmarks included sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis and activating invasion and metastasis [1] . Subsequently, two emerging hallmarks were added: reprogramming of energy metabolism and evading immune destruction. These hallmarks were underpinned by two enabling characteristics: genome instability and inflammation [2] . Although some reports attempted to emphasize other aspects of cancer biology, redefine or expand the concept of cancer hallmarks, it remained instrumental in rationalizing the diverse and complex nature of cancer, providing a framework for research and potential therapeutic interventions [3–6] .  \nBy targeting the hallmark of sustained proliferative signaling, therapies aim to inhibit the abnormal growth signals that drive cancer cells to divide uncontrollably [7] . Effective cancer therapy often involves strategies to disrupt the evasion of growth suppr","cbCaiqRQkHaW093i","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqRQkHaW093i","pdf",947632,26,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# 1. Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What are cancer hallmarks and why are they important for therapy?\",\"answer\":\"Cancer hallmarks are fundamental characteristics acquired during tumor development. Targeting them offers an organizing framework for designing therapies to disrupt multiple cancer processes.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the review describe the therapeutic rationale for targeting hallmarks?\",\"answer\":\"The review outlines approaches such as inhibiting abnormal signaling, reactivating growth suppressors, blocking invasion and metastasis, limiting angiogenesis, modulating immunity, inducing apoptosis, and addressing genome instability and cellular energetics.\"},{\"question\":\"What is usnic acid (UA) and what role does it play according to the review?\",\"answer\":\"Usnic acid is a natural compound found in lichens. It has been explored as a cytotoxic agent against cancer cells from different origins, and its ability to disrupt cancer hallmarks is reviewed based on recent mechanistic studies.\"}]","Multifaceted Properties of Usnic Acid in Disrupting Cancer Hallmarks | PDF",1789983075,66]