[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-detail-455634-en":59,"doc-seo-455634-105":80},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":60},{"doc_id":61,"user_id":62,"nickname":63,"user_avatar":64,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":66,"doc_content":67,"file_id":68,"file_url":69,"file_type":70,"file_size":71,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":72,"language_code":73,"site_id":74,"html_lang":73,"table_of_contents":75,"faqs":76,"seo_title":77,"seo_description":66,"update_tm":78,"read_time":79},455634,7971461740886,"Theodore","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","Multi-PW laser-driven proton acceleration using a plasma-lens target - Paper","A study investigates laser-driven proton acceleration in the multi-petawatt regime using state-of-the-art laser technology and a double-layer plasma target. The front layer uses homogenised near-critical density carbon that enhances the laser pulse through relativistic self-focusing and acts as a lensing medium, while a solid plastic rear layer provides the primary acceleration medium. Optimised layer thicknesses and front-layer density yield proton energies up to 550 MeV through hole-boring and radiation-pressure acceleration enhanced by TNSA and electron coupling, supported by fully resolved 3D PIC simulations.","[www. nature.com/scientificreports](www. nature.com/scientificreports)  \nOPEN  \nMulti-PW laser–driven proton acceleration using a plasma-lens target  \nVojtěch Horný1,2􀀍 & Domenico Doria1  \nWe investigate laser-driven proton acceleration using state-of-the-art multi-petawatt laser technology and a double-layer target design. The front layer is composed of homogenised near-critical density carbon, which enhances the laser pulse through relativistic self-focusing, effectively acting as a lensing medium. This layer is paired with a solid plastic rear layer that serves as the primary acceleration medium. The thicknesses of both layers and the density of the front layer are optimised to maximise acceleration efficiency of the solid layer protons. These protons are accelerated up to 550 MeV through a synergistic interplay of acceleration mechanisms, with hole boring and light sail radiation pressure acceleration playing dominant roles. These mechanisms are further enhanced by target normal sheath acceleration, which benefits from increased laser-to-electron coupling, especially in the front near critical density part. Additionally, proton acceleration is accompanied by the generation of γ  \n-ray radiation via nonlinear inverse Compton scattering. Our investigation employs fully resolved 3D particle-in-cell simulations, providing comprehensive insights into the underlying dynamics. Detailed technical aspects of the simulation setup are discussed.  \nKeywords Laser plasma, Ion acceleration, Double layer target, Radiation pressure acceleration  \nThe progress made in compact laser-based ion accelerators over the two past decades1,2 has opened up promising perspectives across various research areas, including radiography of fast-evolving dense plasmas and electromagnetic fields3–6, investigations into warm dense matter7–9 and medical applications10, 11. Currently, highpower laser systems can deliver pulses oftens offs duration as powerful as several PW, enabling reaching a peak intensity of the order of ≳ 1022 W cm-2 and even higher. Nevertheless, despite such a tremendous achievement in pulsed laser intensity, the actual peak proton energy attained remains behind expectation. The current record in the proton energy of 150 MeV has been achieved with a 1 PW laser pulse at the DRACO laser system12. Plastic targets (≈250 nm thick) were driven to the onset of relativistically induced transparency by the main pulse, following pre-expansion due to irradiation by laser pre-pulses and the pulse rising edge. As a result, a cascade of the acceleration mechanism such as hole-boring Radiation Pressure Acceleration (RPA)13–15, relativistic transparency front RPA16 and collisionless shock acceleration17 at the laser front side, and target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA) at the laser rear side has been identified to contribute to the total acceleration. Up to PW level12, the scaling suggests that the proton cut-off energy ε grows linearly with the laser pulse energy, i.e. ε ∝ El , enhancing the previous scaling ε ∝ E0l .7 reported in Ref.18 for the regime of the single layer target on the onset of the relativistic transparency. Therein, a simple relation  \nLopt = 0 .5λa0 ncne~~ ~~ (1)  \nlinking the optimum target thickness Lopt and plasma electron density ne normalised by a critical density nc and the laser strength parameter a0 has been found for the case of an unperturbed free-standing foil target irradiated by the ideal Gaussian beam.  \nNevertheless, it is questionable whether it is possible to rely on such a scaling also when considering multiPW systems such as ELI-NP19, Apollon20, or CORELS21. There, the intensity of various prepulses and a rising edge of the pulse within up to a few picoseconds before the main pulse arrival should increase correspondingly to the intensity of the main pulse, causing premature ionisation and subsequent expansion of the target. As a  \n1Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics, IFIN-HH, 30 Reactorului Street, 0","cbCaig3jGgZw3q48","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaig3jGgZw3q48","pdf",2721713,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n# Background and Motivation\n## Limits of Proton Energy in Multi-PW Lasers\n## Prepulse and Target Pre-Ionisation Challenges\n## Mitigation Strategies\n# Proposed Multi-PW Acceleration Scheme\n## Double-Layer Target and Plasma Lens Concept\n## Simulation Setup and PIC Approach","[{\"question\":\"What target design is used to accelerate protons in this study?\",\"answer\":\"The work uses a double-layer target: a near-critical density carbon layer on the laser-irradiated side attached to a solid plastic layer containing the ions to be accelerated.\"},{\"question\":\"How do hole boring and radiation pressure contribute to the proton acceleration?\",\"answer\":\"The study identifies hole boring and light sail radiation pressure acceleration as dominant mechanisms that work synergistically to boost proton energies.\"},{\"question\":\"What computational method is employed to analyze the acceleration dynamics?\",\"answer\":\"Fully resolved 3D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations are used, and detailed simulation setup aspects are discussed to reveal the underlying dynamics.\"}]","Multi-PW laser-driven proton acceleration using a plasma-lens target - Paper | PDF",1790743680,25,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"ok",{"site_id":74,"language":73,"slug":83,"title":65,"keywords":84,"description":66,"schema_data":85,"social_meta":139,"head_meta":141,"extra_data":143,"updated_unix":144},"multi-pw-laser-driven-proton-acceleration-using-a-plasma-lens-target-paper","",{"@graph":86,"@context":138},[87,101,121],{"@type":88,"itemListElement":89},"BreadcrumbList",[90,94,96,99],{"item":91,"name":92,"@type":93,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":95,"name":9,"@type":93,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":97,"name":40,"@type":93,"position":98},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":100,"name":65,"@type":93,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/multi-pw-laser-driven-proton-acceleration-using-a-plasma-lens-target-paper/455634/",{"url":100,"name":65,"@type":102,"image":103,"author":108,"headline":65,"publisher":110,"fileFormat":113,"inLanguage":73,"description":66,"dateModified":114,"datePublished":115,"encodingFormat":113,"isAccessibleForFree":116,"interactionStatistic":117},"DigitalDocument",{"url":104,"@type":105,"width":106,"height":107},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/multi-pw-laser-driven-proton-acceleration-using-a-plasma-lens-target-paper/455634.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":63,"@type":109},"Person",{"url":91,"name":111,"@type":112},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-07","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":118,"interactionType":119,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":120},"ViewAction",{"@type":122,"mainEntity":123},"FAQPage",[124,130,134],{"name":125,"@type":126,"acceptedAnswer":127},"What target design is used to accelerate protons in this study?","Question",{"text":128,"@type":129},"The work uses a double-layer target: a near-critical density carbon layer on the laser-irradiated side attached to a solid plastic layer containing the ions to be accelerated.","Answer",{"name":131,"@type":126,"acceptedAnswer":132},"How do hole boring and radiation pressure contribute to the proton acceleration?",{"text":133,"@type":129},"The study identifies hole boring and light sail radiation pressure acceleration as dominant mechanisms that work synergistically to boost proton energies.",{"name":135,"@type":126,"acceptedAnswer":136},"What computational method is employed to analyze the acceleration dynamics?",{"text":137,"@type":129},"Fully resolved 3D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations are used, and detailed simulation setup aspects are discussed to reveal the underlying dynamics.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":100,"og:type":140,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":111,"og:description":66},"article",{"robots":142,"canonical":100},"index,follow",{"doc_id":61,"site_id":74},1790966462]