[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-665442-105":59,"doc-detail-665442-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","multi-arm-consort-diagrams-paper-sas3149-2019","Multi-Arm CONSORT Diagrams - Paper SAS3149-2019","","Clinical trials rely on CONSORT flow diagrams to provide a bird’s-eye view of how patients move through enrollment, allocation, follow-up/disposition, and analysis. Traditional SAS options and SG procedures do not offer a direct statement for drawing these diagrams, especially for common multi-arm formats. This paper demonstrates a practical approach using PROC SGPLOT plus data processing steps, producing standard multi-arm CONSORT layouts in formats supported by ODS.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/multi-arm-consort-diagrams-paper-sas3149-2019/665442/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/multi-arm-consort-diagrams-paper-sas3149-2019/665442.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Theodore","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the purpose of a CONSORT flow diagram in clinical trials?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"A CONSORT diagram summarizes the flow of subjects through trial stages such as enrollment, allocation, follow-up/disposition, and analysis, helping assess a trial.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why does the paper focus on PROC SGPLOT instead of SG procedures directly?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The paper states that SG procedures do not provide a direct statement for drawing these diagrams, so it uses PROC SGPLOT combined with data processing steps.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the approach handle multi-arm (e.g., four-arm) trial designs?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It restricts the input to stage/arm labels and counts, structures the diagram into stages, and creates evenly spaced columns for each arm in the Allocation, Follow-Up, and Analysis stages.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},665442,1793304131,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":143},7971461740886,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","Paper SAS3149-2019  \nCreate Multi-Arm CONSORT Diagrams the Easy Way with SAS®  \nPrashant Hebbar, SAS Institute Inc., and Sanjay Matange  \nABSTRACT  \nIn clinical trials, Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) flow diagrams are an important part of the randomized trials report. These diagrams present a bird’s eye view of the flow of patients through the different stages of the trial. The SG procedures do not support a statement for drawing these diagrams. But by completing some data processing steps, you can draw commonly used CONSORT diagrams by using the SGPLOT procedure. You can generate the output in all the formats that are supported by the Output Delivery System (ODS)—and not just RTF! In this paper, we show you how to harness the power of the SGPLOT procedure to create these diagrams.  \nINTRODUCTION  \nA CONSORT diagram presents the flow of subjects at each stage in a clinical trial. A typical flow progression is enrollment, allocation to treatment, follow-up or disposition status, and analysis. This diagram is considered an important tool for assessing a trial. (Hopewell et al. 2011) .  \nThere are many previously published works for creating CONSORT diagrams with SAS® . Some of them used Rich Text Format (RTF) templates (Carpenter and Fisher 2012;  \nMallavarapu and Shults 2016) .  \nA program to create CONSORT diagrams using the SGPLOT procedure without using RTF templates was previously published in the Graphically Speaking blog post titled “Outsidethe-box: CONSORT diagram” (Matange 2016) . After that, further improvements werepresented in the paper “CONSORT Diagrams with SG Procedures” (Hebbar and Matange 2018) and the paper “Multi-Arm CONSORT Diagrams with SAS” (Matange and Hebbar 2018) . Yet another variation is “CONSORT Diagrams in SGPLOT: Adding Efficiencies”(Rosanbalm 2018) .  \nThis paper is the next iteration of the paper “Multi-Arm CONSORT Diagrams with SAS”(Matange and Hebbar 2018), with some differences. We have restricted the input data to just the stage and arm labels and their counts. You do not need to provide row and column indices or place holder (dummy) observations. The diagram layout code has been refactored out of the input DATA step. We have also made some minor modifications to the program code for clarity. The program was run with SAS® 9.4M6 . However, the program can be easily modified to use the features provided with earlier SAS® 9.4 releases.  \nThe program code for this paper is available at [https://github.com/sascommunities/sas](https://github.com/sascommunities/sas)global-forum-2019/tree/master/3149-2019-Hebbar.  \nDIAGRAM DATA AND STRUCTURE  \nThe process used in this paper targets the commonly used structure and layout for CONSORT diagrams in the industry. Examination of such diagrams on the web shows the use of a standard flow. These typically start with the Enrollment stage, which includes Assessment, Exclusion, and Randomization, followed by the Allocation, Follow-Up, and Analysis stages. The last three stages can have multiple columns, one for each arm. While the details of the diagrams might vary, the basic steps are essentially the same.  \nAn example using the standard flow for a four-arm study, based on Mallavarapu and Shults (2016) , is shown in Figure 1.  \nFigure 1. A Four-Arm CONSORT Diagram  \nAs you can see, the CONSORT diagram is essentially composed of boxes linked by directed lines. The text in these boxes can be horizontal or vertical, either center-or left-aligned.  \nPLOT STATEMENTS  \nTo implement these elements in PROC SGPLOT, you can use the following plot statements:  \n• POLYGON statement to draw the boxes (some with background fill)  \n• SERIES statement to draw the links and arrows  \n• TEXT statement to render the various text elements  \nFOUR-ARM CONSORT DIAGRAM  \nTo describe how the program and macros work, it is useful to start with the end in mind. Figure 1 is a four-arm CONSORT diagram. To make the production of these diagrams easier, we are going to rest","cbCaiq4l8zWe6jNC","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiq4l8zWe6jNC","pdf",561022,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Diagram Data and Structure\n# Plot Statements\n# Four-Arm CONSORT Diagram\n# Data Preparation","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of a CONSORT flow diagram in clinical trials?\",\"answer\":\"A CONSORT diagram summarizes the flow of subjects through trial stages such as enrollment, allocation, follow-up/disposition, and analysis, helping assess a trial.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the paper focus on PROC SGPLOT instead of SG procedures directly?\",\"answer\":\"The paper states that SG procedures do not provide a direct statement for drawing these diagrams, so it uses PROC SGPLOT combined with data processing steps.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the approach handle multi-arm (e.g., four-arm) trial designs?\",\"answer\":\"It restricts the input to stage/arm labels and counts, structures the diagram into stages, and creates evenly spaced columns for each arm in the Allocation, Follow-Up, and Analysis stages.\"}]","Multi-Arm CONSORT Diagrams - Paper SAS3149-2019 | PDF",25]