[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-40606-en":3,"doc-seo-40606-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},40606,1374391975076,"Riley","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253ca4ec9f6853?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1783305029341752051",9,"Religion & Spirituality","Muhammad and His Followers in Context: The Religious Map of Late Antique Arabia","Ilkka Lindstedt’s study reconstructs the religious map of late antique Arabia through a comparative analysis of early evidence. The book evaluates inscriptions and graffiti, Qurʾān as historical evidence for the prophet and his community, and Arabic poetry, alongside methodological reflections on dating Arabic historiography. It situates Islamic origins within pre-Islamic Arabia by examining Jewish, Christian, and gentile monotheist traditions, including tribal and regional contexts such as Yemen, and explores thematic transitions toward prophetic emergence in Mecca.","Ilkka Lindstedt - 978-90-04-68713-4  \nDownloaded from [Brill.com](Brill.com) 11/10/2023 02:51:05PM via University of Helsinki  \nMuḥammad and His Followers in Context  \nIlkka Lindstedt - 978-90-04-68713-4  \nDownloaded from [Brill.com](Brill.com) 11/10/2023 02:51:05PM via University of Helsinki  \nIslamic History and  \nCivilization  \nstudies and texts  \nEditorial Board  \nHinrich Biesterfeldt  \nSebastian Günther  \nHonorary Editor  \nWadad Kadi  \nvolume 209  \nThe titles published in this [series are listed at](series are listed at brill.com/ihc)[ brill.com/ihc](series are listed at brill.com/ihc)  \nIlkka Lindstedt - 978-90-04-68713-4  \nDownloaded from [Brill.com](Brill.com) 11/10/2023 02:51:05PM via University of Helsinki  \nMuḥammad and His Followers in Context  \nThe Religious Map of Late Antique Arabia  \nBy  \nIlkka Lindstedt  \nleiden | boston  \nIlkka Lindstedt - 978-90-04-68713-4  \nDownloaded from [Brill.com](Brill.com) 11/10/2023 02:51:05PM via University of Helsinki  \nCover illustration: An undated but possibly second/eighth-century Arabic inscription found in NE Jordan during the Badia Epigraphic Survey 2018 led by Ali Al-Manaser and Michael Macdonald. The writer of the inscription, one ʿAmmār, asks God to bless Muḥammad and to forgive the male and female believers. The writer also asks the prophet’s words and intercession to be accepted. Photograph by the author.  \nLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data  \nNames: Lindstedt, Ilkka, author.  \nTitle: Muhammad and his followers in context : the religious map of late antique Arabia / by Ilkka Lindstedt.  \nDescription: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2023. | Series: Islamic history and civilization, 0929-2403 ; volume 209 | Includes bibliographical references and index.  \nIdentifiers: lccn 2023045430 (print) | lccn 2023045431 (ebook) | isbn 9789004687127 (hardback) | isbn 9789004687134 (ebook)  \nSubjects: lcsh: Muḥammad, Prophet, -632–Biography–History and criticism. | Islam–History–To 1500–Historiography.  \nClassification: lcc bp75.3 .l56 2023 (print) | lcc bp75.3 (ebook) | ddc 297.6/3092–dc23/eng/20231002  \nlc record available at [https://lccn.loc.gov/2023045430](https://lccn.loc.gov/2023045430)  \nlc ebook record available at [https://lccn.loc.gov/2023045431](https://lccn.loc.gov/2023045431)  \nTypeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. [See and download: brill.com/brill](See and download: brill.com/brill)‑typeface.  \nissn 0929-2403  \nisbn 978-90-04-68712-7 (hardback)  \nisbn 978-90-04-68713-4 (e-book) doi 10.1163/9789004687134  \nCopyright 2024 by Ilkka Lindstedt. Published by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Schöningh, Brill Fink, Brill mentis, Brill Wageningen Academic, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Böhlau and V&R unipress.  \nKoninklijke Brill nv reserves the right to protect this publication against unauthorized use. Requests for re-use and/or translations must be addressed to Koninklijke Brill nv via brill.com or copyright.com.  \nThis book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner.  \nIlkka Lindstedt - 978-90-04-68713-4  \nDownloaded from [Brill.com](Brill.com) 11/10/2023 02:51:05PM via University of Helsinki  \nContents  \nAcknowledgements ix  \nList of Figures xii  \nA Note on Style xiii  \nAbbreviations xv  \n1 Introduction 1  \n1 Prolegomena and Methodological Considerations 2  \n1.1 Inscriptions and Graffiti 11  \n1.2 The Qurʾān as Evidence for the Prophet and His Community 14  \n1.3 Arabic Poetry 23  \n1.4 The Date of Arabic Historiography 27  \n2 Ethnic, Linguistic, and Tribal Situation in Arabia before Islam 42  \n2 Judaism 54  \n1 Judaism in Late Antiquity 54  \n2 The Arabian Context 57  \n2.1 Introduction 57  \n2.2 Judaism in Northwestern Arabia 58  \n2.2.1 Arabic Poetry and North Arabian Jews 62  \n2.3 The Rise of Ḥimyar 64  \n2.4 Judaism in Yemen 67  \n2.5 The Wars between Yemen and Ethiopia 73  \n3 Conclusions 77  \n3 Christianity 79  \n1 Christianity in Late Anti","cbCaiai2ACwgr2FR","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiai2ACwgr2FR","pdf",7148947,4,1,390,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Prolegomena and Methodological Considerations\n## The Qurʾān as Evidence for the Prophet and His Community\n# Ethnic, Linguistic, and Tribal Situation in Arabia before Islam\n## Judaism\n## Christianity\n## Gentiles\n## The Rise of the Gentile Prophet in Mecca","[{\"question\":\"What sources does the book use to study late antique Arabia?\",\"answer\":\"It analyzes inscriptions and graffiti, uses the Qurʾān as evidence for the prophet and his community, and incorporates Arabic poetry, along with considerations for the dating of Arabic historiography.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the book approach the religious landscape before Islam?\",\"answer\":\"It surveys Jewish and Christian communities in their late antique settings, and also addresses gentile monotheism, idolatry, and Abrahamic descent themes within Arabia.\"},{\"question\":\"What focus does the book give to Mecca and the emergence of a prophet?\",\"answer\":\"It examines the Meccan community and related Qurʾānic themes, including law and judgment, obedience to God and the law, eschatological immediacy, and the People of the Book in the Meccan 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