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A recurring challenge in teacher education is supporting preservice teachers (PSTs) to develop these competencies. “Ms. Taylor’s Choice” is an abbreviated instructional minicase grounded in an assessment scenario where PSTs select an example to focus students’ attention on the associative and commutative properties, considering instructional goals, student motivation, and mathematical difficulty to further strengthen their MKT.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/ms-taylors-choice-an-instructional-minicase-on-selecting-examples-to-support-student-understanding-of-the-associative-and-commutative-properties/583680/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/ms-taylors-choice-an-instructional-minicase-on-selecting-examples-to-support-student-understanding-of-the-associative-and-commutative-properties/583680.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jacob","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the core learning focus of “Ms. Taylor’s Choice”?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"PSTs select an example that helps students evaluate expressions using the associative and commutative properties.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What competencies does the document connect to practice-based teacher education?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It emphasizes developing mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT) so teachers can recognize, understand, and respond to students’ mathematical work.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What factors are PSTs asked to consider when choosing examples?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"They consider instructional goals, students’ motivations, and the difficulty of the mathematics when selecting among candidate examples.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},583680,1792189496,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962084931830,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Research Memorandum  \nETS RM–20-04  \nMs. Taylor’s Choice: An Instructional Minicase on Selecting Examples to Support Student Understanding of the Associative and Commutative Properties  \nLeslie Nabors Oláh Heather Howell Yvonne Lai  \nMaria DeLucia Eun Mi Kim  \nMay 2020  \nETS Research Memorandum Series  \nINTERIM EIGNOR EXECUTIVE EDITOR  \nJohn Mazzeo Distinguished Presidential Appointee  \nASSOCIATE EDITORS  \nMalcolm Bauer  \nSenior Research Scientist  \nBeata Beigman Klebanov Senior Research Scientist  \nBrent Bridgeman  \nDistinguished Presidential Appointee Heather Buzick  \nSenior Research Scientist  \nKeelan Evanini Research Director  \nMarna Golub-Smith  \nPrincipal Psychometrician  \nPriya Kannan  \nManaging Research Scientist  \nSooyeon Kim  \nPrincipal Psychometrician Anastassia Loukina Research Scientist  \nDonald Powers  \nPrincipal Research Scientist Gautam Puhan  \nPrincipal Psychometrician  \nJesse Sparks  \nResearch Scientist  \nElizabeth Stone Research Scientist  \nRebecca Zwick  \nDistinguished Presidential Appointee  \nPRODUCTION EDITORS  \nKim Fryer  \nManager, Editing Services  \nAriela Katz Proofreader  \nAyleen Gontz Senior Editor  \nSince its 1947 founding, ETS has conducted and disseminated scientific research to support its products and services, and to advance the measurement and education fields. In keeping with these goals, ETS is committed to making its research freely available to the professional community and to the general public. Published accounts of ETS research, including papers in the ETS Research Memorandum series, undergo a formal peer-review process by ETS staff to ensure that they meet established scientific and professional standards. All such ETS-conducted peer reviews are in addition to any reviews that outside organizations may provide as part of their own publication processes. Peer review notwithstanding, the positions expressed in the ETS Research Memorandum series and other published accounts of ETS research are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Officers and Trustees of Educational Testing Service.  \nThe Daniel Eignor Editorship is named in honor of Dr. Daniel R. Eignor, who from 2001 until 2011 served the Research and Development division as Editor for the ETS Research Report series. The Eignor Editorship has been created to recognize the pivotal leadership role that Dr. Eignor played in the research publication process at ETS.  \nMs. Taylor’s Choice:  \nAn Instructional Minicase on Selecting Examples to Support Student Understanding of the Associative and Commutative Properties  \nLeslie Nabors Oláh and Heather Howell  \nEducational Testing Service, Princeton, New Jersey  \nYvonne Lai  \nUniversity of Nebraska  \nMaria DeLucia  \nMiddlesex County College  \nEun Mi Kim  \nEducational Testing Service, Princeton, New Jersey  \nMay 2020  \nCorresponding author: L. Nabors Oláh, E-mail: [lnaborsolah@ets.org](lnaborsolah@ets.org)  \nSuggested citation: Nabors Oláh, L., Howell, H.,Lai, Y., DeLucia, M., & Kim, E. M. (2020) . Ms. Taylor’s choice: An instructional minicase on selecting examples to support student understanding of the associative and commutative properties (Research Memorandum No. RM-20-04). Educational Testing Service.  \nFind other ETS-published reports by searching the ETS ReSEARCHER database at [http://search.ets.org/researcher/](http://search.ets.org/researcher/)  \nTo obtain a copy of an ETS research report, please visit [http://www.ets.org/research/contact.html](http://www.ets.org/research/contact.html)  \nAction Editor: Heather Buzick  \nReviewers: Courtney Bell and Cara Laitusis  \nCopyright © 2020 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved.  \nETS and the ETS logo are registered trademarks of  \nEducational Testing Service (ETS). All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.  \nAbstract  \nThere is a broad consensus that beginning teachers of mathematics need a strong foundation in mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT), defined as the mathematical knowledge r","cbCaioztSULjqQcf","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioztSULjqQcf","pdf",861678,29,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# Acknowledgments","[{\"question\":\"What is the core learning focus of “Ms. Taylor’s Choice”?\",\"answer\":\"PSTs select an example that helps students evaluate expressions using the associative and commutative properties.\"},{\"question\":\"What competencies does the document connect to practice-based teacher education?\",\"answer\":\"It emphasizes developing mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT) so teachers can recognize, understand, and respond to students’ mathematical work.\"},{\"question\":\"What factors are PSTs asked to consider when choosing examples?\",\"answer\":\"They consider instructional goals, students’ motivations, and the difficulty of the mathematics when selecting among candidate examples.\"}]","Ms. Taylor’s Choice - An Instructional Minicase on Selecting Examples to Support Student Understanding of the Associative and Commutative Properties | PDF",1792048049,73]