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Since the coronavirus pandemic, mRNA vaccine development has advanced rapidly. 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These proteins stimulate specific immune responses, enabling antigen-specific immune protection.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why are mRNA vaccines considered promising for personalized cancer therapy?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The review describes mRNA vaccines as a strategy that can be adapted to deliver tumor antigens and stimulate broader T-cell responses. This supports more tailored immune protection compared with many conventional approaches that can lead to resistance.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What does the review cover regarding clinical use of mRNA vaccines?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The review discusses mechanisms, factors affecting function, and current clinical applications, with emphasis on applications in cancer. 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China;  \n2Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China; 3First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China; 4Department of  \n5  \nAnesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China; Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China; 6Department of Orthopedics, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, Anhui 237008, P.R. China  \nReceived January 14, 2024; Accepted May 20, 2024  \nDOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5669  \nAbstract. Cancer is characterized by unlimited proliferation and metastasis, and traditional therapeutic strategies usually result in the acquisition of drug resistance, thus highlighting the need for more personalized treatment. mRNA vaccines transfer the gene sequences of exogenous target antigens into human cells through transcription and translation to stimulate the body to produce specific immune responses against the encoded proteins, so as to enable the body to obtain immune protection against said antigens; this approach may be adopted for personalized cancer therapy. Since the recent coronavirus pandemic, the development of mRNA vaccines has seen substantial progress and widespread adoption. In the present review, the development of mRNA vaccines, their mechanisms of action, factors influencing their function and the current clinical applications of the vaccine are discussed. A focus is placed on the application of mRNA vaccines in cancer, with the aim of highlighting unique advances and the remaining challenges of this novel and promising therapeutic approach.  \nCorrespondence to: Professor Song Shao, Department of Orthopedics, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 21 Wanxi West Road, Lu'an, Anhui 237008, P.R. China  \nE‑mail: [1255319122@qq.com](1255319122@qq.com)  \nProfessor Kangsheng Gu, Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Shushan, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China  \nE‑mail: [gukangsheng@ahmu.edu.cn](gukangsheng@ahmu.edu.cn)  \n*Contributed equally  \nKey words: mRNA vaccines, cancer, mechanism, application, prospects  \nContents  \n1. Introduction  \n2. Treatment of cancer  \n3. Overview of mRNA vaccines  \n4. Applications of mRNA vaccines in infectious diseases  \n5. Applications of mRNA vaccines in various tumors  \n6. Functional implementation of mRNA vaccines in tumor treatment  \n7. Conclusion and future prospects  \n1. Introduction  \nCancer remains a serious threat to human health and the incidence rates continue to rise. In recent years, the number of new cases and cancer‑associated deaths has shown a significant upward trend (1‑3) . The occurrence of cancer is a multi‑factor, multi‑step and complex process, and its etiology has not been fully clarified; however, it is well acknowledged that it is closely related to various factors, including smoking, infection, occupational exposures, environmental pollution, an unhealthy diet and genetic factors (4‑8) . With the rapid advances in life sciences and technology, a more in‑depth understanding of tumors has been gained. The search for more effective treatments to improve the survival rates of patients with cancer remains a central topic of research in the medical industry.  \nmRNA vaccines are a type of nucleic acid preparation that can transduce gene sequences of exogenous target antigens into cells via a specific delivery system by means","cbCaiaffgEKylg3B","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaffgEKylg3B","pdf",2466724,24,"English","# Introduction\n## Treatment of cancer\n# Overview of mRNA vaccines\n# Applications of mRNA vaccines in infectious diseases\n# Applications of mRNA vaccines in various tumors\n# Functional implementation of mRNA vaccines in tumor treatment\n# Conclusion and future prospects","[{\"question\":\"How do mRNA vaccines work against cancer targets?\",\"answer\":\"mRNA vaccines introduce gene sequences for exogenous target antigens into human cells, where transcription and translation generate encoded proteins. These proteins stimulate specific immune responses, enabling antigen-specific immune protection.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are mRNA vaccines considered promising for personalized cancer therapy?\",\"answer\":\"The review describes mRNA vaccines as a strategy that can be adapted to deliver tumor antigens and stimulate broader T-cell responses. This supports more tailored immune protection compared with many conventional approaches that can lead to resistance.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the review cover regarding clinical use of mRNA vaccines?\",\"answer\":\"The review discusses mechanisms, factors affecting function, and current clinical applications, with emphasis on applications in cancer. It also summarizes unique advances and remaining challenges of this therapeutic approach.\"}]","mRNA vaccine development and applications: A special focus on tumors - Review | PDF",1790002901]