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Using an adapted Gardner AMTB questionnaire with 60 fourth-year students and interviews for qualitative insight, the findings show high motivation with instrumental dominance and identify motivation sources and coping evaluations. Pedagogical implications stress motivational strategies, engagement support, role models, and technology.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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is the main purpose of the study?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"To investigate the prevalent type of motivation among pre-service English teachers learning English as a foreign language under challenging circumstances.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How were motivation and learning circumstances data collected?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Quantitative data came from a questionnaire adapted from Gardner's Attitude/Motivation Test Battery, and qualitative data were obtained through student interviews.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What motivation pattern did the study find among the participants?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Motivation levels were high, with instrumental motivation prevailing over other motivational 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CIRCUMSTANCES  \nIryna Zadorozhna,1  \nDoctor of Sciences (Education), Professor,  \nDepartment of English Philology and Methods of Teaching English, Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ternopil, Ukraine  \n[zadorozhna.iryna@tnpu.edu.ua](zadorozhna.iryna@tnpu.edu.ua)[ ](zadorozhna.iryna@tnpu.edu.ua)[ORCID](ORCID: 0000-0003-1599-1372)[: 0000-0003-1599-1372](ORCID: 0000-0003-1599-1372)  \nOlha Datskiv,2  \nPhD in Education, Associate Professor ,  \nDepartment of English Philology and Methods of Teaching English Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University,Ternopil, Ukraine  \n[olhadatskiv@tnpu.edu.ua](olhadatskiv@tnpu.edu.ua)[ ](olhadatskiv@tnpu.edu.ua)[ORCID](ORCID: 0000-0002-0283-7627)[: 0000-0002-0283-7627](ORCID: 0000-0002-0283-7627)  \nAbstract. The problem of motivation in foreign language learning has always been of great importance. Researchers agree on the non-static, dynamic nature of motivation, investigate the role of the motivational context, and recognize the fact that some aspects of motivation are not internal but are externally determined by the learner’s sociocultural environment. The study aims to investigate the prevalent type of motivation among pre-service English teachers in challenging circumstances. The analysis of motivation sources and ways to protect and maintain motivation to learn English as a foreign language in challenging circumstances constitutes the novelty of the study. 60 fourth-year students (57 females and 3 males) participated in the investigation. The questionnaire adapted from Gardner's Attitude/Motivation Test Battery (AMTB) has been used as a tool to collect quantitative data. The results reveal that the level of motivation is high with a prevalence of instrumental motivation. Qualitative data have been obtained from interviewing students. During the interviews, the students identified the sources of their motivation, critically evaluated their learning situation, and described their learning circumstances as challenging. The study suggests pedagogical implications in line with positive psychology recommendations and the latest research on the protection and maintenance of а motivation to learn English as a foreign language in challenging  \n1 Corresponding author, responsible for conceptualization, methodology, supervision, writing-reviewing and editing.  \n2 Co-author, responsible for formal analysis and investigation, data curation, writing-original draft preparation, visualization.  \n© Author(s) . 2022. Published by Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the license CC BY 4.0  \ncircumstances. The implications for teachers include developing motivational strategies, maintaining engagement, providing role models, using technology.  \nKeywords: integrative motivation; instrumental motivation; motivational strategies; challenging circumstances; teaching English; pre-service English teachers.  \n1. INTRODUCTION  \nCOVID-19 pandemic has created an enormous disruption of educational systems, affecting 94 per cent of learners in more than 190 countries on all continents (UN, 2020) . Educational institutions around the world continued their work in challenging circumstances having switched to online learning. Professors and students were forced to re-think the use of available tech resources to both deliver higher education services and to benefit from those services (Szopiński & Bachnik, 2022) . Studies from around the world report that higher education students had to deal with many challenges of online learning: lack of motivation and suitable learning environments since they were isolated (Adnan, 2020; Bao, 2020; Szopiński & Bachnik, 2022); lack of faculty observation, reaction and help to struggling students (Xhelili, Ibrahimi, Rruci, & Sheme, 2021), lack of access to internet facilities, proper interaction and contact w","cbCaipZ7bncfxZpI","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipZ7bncfxZpI","pdf",302217,14,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## COVID-19 and online learning disruptions\n## War-related challenges in Ukraine\n# Literature Review\n## Humanistic language teaching and affective factors\n## Attitudes toward the target language\n## Motivation as a research focus","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To investigate the prevalent type of motivation among pre-service English teachers learning English as a foreign language under challenging circumstances.\"},{\"question\":\"How were motivation and learning circumstances data collected?\",\"answer\":\"Quantitative data came from a questionnaire adapted from Gardner's Attitude/Motivation Test Battery, and qualitative data were obtained through student interviews.\"},{\"question\":\"What motivation pattern did the study find among the participants?\",\"answer\":\"Motivation levels were high, with instrumental motivation prevailing over other motivational types.\"}]","MOTIVATION OF PRE-SERVICE ENGLISH TEACHERS TO LEARN ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN CHALLENGING CIRCUMSTANCES | PDF",1792066707,35]