[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-636221-105":59,"doc-detail-636221-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","moon-shadow-observation-by-icecube-method-results-and-systematic-error-studies","Moon Shadow Observation by IceCube - Method, results, and systematic error studies","","In the absence of an astrophysical standard candle, IceCube studies the deficit of cosmic rays from the Moon’s direction, forming the “Moon shadow” signal in the downgoing muon flux. This observation validates the detector’s absolute pointing accuracy and angular resolution for energetic muons passing through the instrument. The paper reports the first successful Moon shadow analysis using IceCube’s 40-string configuration, discussing method, results, and systematic error studies.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/moon-shadow-observation-by-icecube-method-results-and-systematic-error-studies/636221/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/moon-shadow-observation-by-icecube-method-results-and-systematic-error-studies/636221.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Pentious","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the “Moon shadow” in IceCube measurements?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It is the deficit of cosmic-ray-induced muons detected from the direction of the Moon, created when the Moon blocks cosmic rays reaching Earth.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does IceCube use the Moon shadow for detector calibration?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Because the Moon’s position is well known, the observed deficit location and size calibrate the detector’s absolute pointing accuracy and angular resolution.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What data configuration and time period are used for the reported analysis?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The results are based on IceCube’s 40-string configuration, using data spanning multiple lunar months within an April 2008 to April 2009 operational window.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},636221,1792811302,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":19,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":52},1374404730887,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Moon Shadow Observation by IceCube  \nD.J. Boersma􀀃 , L. Gladstone† and A. Karle†  \nfor the IceCube Collaboration‡  \n􀀃 RWTH Aachen University, Germany † Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA ‡ see special section of these proceedings  \nAbstract. In the absence of an astrophysical standard candle, IceCube can study the deficit of cosmic rays from the direction of the Moon. The observation of this “Moon shadow” in the downgoing muon flux isan experimental verification of the absolute pointing accuracy and the angular resolution of the detector with respect to energetic muons passing through. The Moon shadow has been observed in the 40-string configuration of IceCube. This is the first stage of IceCube in which a Moon shadow analysis has been successful. Method, results, and some systematic error studies will be discussed.  \nKeywords: IceCube, Moon shadow, pointing capability  \nI. INTRODUCTION  \nIceCube is a kilometer-cube scale Cherenkov detector at the geographical South Pole, designed to search for muons from high energy neutrino interactions. The arrival directions and energy information of these muonscan be used to search for point sources of astrophysical neutrinos, one of the primary goals of IceCube.  \nThe main component of IceCube is an array of optical sensors deployed in the glacial ice at depths between 1450 m and 2450 m. These Digital Optical Modules (DOMs), each containing a 25 cm diameter photomultiplier tube with accompanying electronics within a pressure housing, are lowered into the ice along“strings.” There are currently 59 strings deployed of 86 planned; the data analyzed here were taken in a 40 string configuration, which was in operation between April 2008 and April 2009 . There are 13 lunar months of data within that time. In this analysis we present results from 8 lunar months of the 40 string configuration.  \nFor a muon with energy on the order of a TeV, IceCube can reconstruct an arrival direction with order 1◦ accuracy. For down-going directions, the vast majority of the detected muons do not originate from neutrino interactions, but from high energy cosmic ray interactions in the atmosphere. These cosmic ray muons are the dominant background in the search for astrophysical neutrinos. They can also be used to study the performance of our detector. In particular, we can verify the pointing capability by studying the shadow of the Moon in cosmic ray muons.  \nAs the Earth travels through the interstellar medium, the Moon blocks some cosmic rays from reaching the  \nEarth. Thus, when other cosmic rays shower in the Earth’s atmosphere and create muons, there is a relative deficit of muons from the direction of the Moon. IceCube detects these muons, not the primary cosmic rays. Since the position and size of the Moon is so well known, the resulting deficit can be used for detector calibration. The idea of a Moon shadow was first proposed in 1957 [1], and has become an established observation for a number of astroparticle physics experiments; some examples are given in references [2], [3], [4], [5] . Experiments have used the Moon shadow to calibrate detector angular resolution and pointing accuracy [6] . They have also observed the shift of the Moon shadow due to the Earth’s magnetic field [7] . The analysis described here is optimized for a first observation, and does not yet include detailed studies such as describing the shape of the observed deficit. These will be addressed in future studies.  \nII. METHOD  \nA. Data and online event selection  \nData transfer from the South Pole is limited by the bandwidth of two satellites; thus, not all downgoing muon events can be immediately transmitted. This analysis uses a dedicated online event selection, choosing events with a minimum quality and a reconstructed direction within a window of acceptance around the direction of the Moon. The reconstruction used for the online event selection is a single (i.e., not iterated) loglikelihood fit.  \nThe onl","cbCaiktmQOiwPFPE","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiktmQOiwPFPE","pdf",83188,"English","# Introduction\n# Method\n## Data and online event selection","[{\"question\":\"What is the “Moon shadow” in IceCube measurements?\",\"answer\":\"It is the deficit of cosmic-ray-induced muons detected from the direction of the Moon, created when the Moon blocks cosmic rays reaching Earth.\"},{\"question\":\"How does IceCube use the Moon shadow for detector calibration?\",\"answer\":\"Because the Moon’s position is well known, the observed deficit location and size calibrate the detector’s absolute pointing accuracy and angular resolution.\"},{\"question\":\"What data configuration and time period are used for the reported analysis?\",\"answer\":\"The results are based on IceCube’s 40-string configuration, using data spanning multiple lunar months within an April 2008 to April 2009 operational window.\"}]","Moon Shadow Observation by IceCube - Method, results, and systematic error studies | PDF",1792677788]