[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-109413-en":3,"doc-seo-109413-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":93},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},109413,4398048950312,"Violet","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/400002538284de19e3c?_k=1778320343897328908",8,"Research & Report","Montenegro - Country Climate and Development Report - Executive Summary","Montenegro has improved living standards over the past decade, yet the progress has brought unfavorable environmental and health consequences. Transport and tourism investments have been resource-intensive, increasing carbon and energy intensities through reliance on coal power and inefficient industry, buildings, and transport. Heating still uses coal and firewood, raising GHG emissions and worsening air quality. The report highlights policy and institutional needs to strengthen climate ambition, improve NECP implementation, and build human capital while addressing major flood, earthquake, landslide, and heat-related risks.","Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized  \nEUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA  \nEXECUTIVE SUMMARY MONTENEGRO  \nWorld Bank Group  \nOctober 2024  \nExecutive Summary  \nMontenegro is a small country in the Western Balkans that has significantly improved the living standards of its people in the past decade, but this has come with environmental and health impacts that are not altogether favorable. Among the six Western Balkan countries (WB6), Montenegro has the highest GDP per capita at purchasing power parity (PPP) . With substantial investments in transport and tourism, the country’s recent investment growth is roughly on par with that of the fast-growing East Asian economies . But its growth has been resource-intensive. Montenegro’s carbon and energy intensities are both higher than the European Union (EU) average because of its reliance on the Pljevlja coal-fired powerplant and inefficient practices in the industrial, building, and transport sectors . While its energy balance is mainly supported by hydroelectricity and wind power, the continued use of coal and firewood in heating has led to significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and poor air quality, exacerbated by heavy vehicle traffic in populated areas . Although total GHG emissions have declined since 1990, with significant forested areas contributing to that decline, the country will need additional investments and policy measures to meet its climate targets .  \nMontenegro’s climate change policies are, in part, shaped by various external drivers and international commitments; internally, it needs to make more progress by not only intensifying its own climate ambition but strengthening its capacity to actualize that ambition. Externally, the country is party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Paris Agreement. As a contracting party to the Energy Community Treaty, Montenegro has also committed to harmonizing its energy and climate legislation with the EU acquis.1 Montenegro is one of the most advanced Energy Community contracting parties in its adoption of legislation related to climate change mitigation, but implementation and enforcement need further improvement. While the country has expressed its intention to take steps, along with the rest of the EU, toward achieving a carbon-neutral continent by 2050, it has not yet set an individual net zero target. Montenegro lags other WB6 countries in the development of its national energy and climate plan (NECP), but it leads the region in its ongoing development of a Low Carbon Development Strategy, and its membership in the Powering Past Coal Alliance (PPCA) is a sign of its commitment to joining other EU nations to transition away from coal. Montenegro has also been the frontrunner in carbon pricing with the implementation of an emissions trading scheme (ETS) in 2020, but the system has had significant challenges around price discovery and market liquidity. The World Bank’s Climate Change Institutional Assessment (CCIA) for Montenegro states that the country is “emerging” in its institutional readiness to respond to climate change. Although it has legal and regulatory structures in place, policies need to be better integrated across ministries to ensure effective implementation. Additionally, the government needs to stress the importance of human capital because declining educational outcomes, persistent inequalities in education, and a high share of long-term unemployment undermine the country’s ability to implement a green transition smoothly. Developing its human capital will be critical to ensure that Montenegro has the skills needed to respond to the evolving demands it will encounter on the path toward net zero.  \nMontenegro is a small, predominantly mountainous country with high climate variability and frequent extreme weather events. Numerous parts of the country show high exposure to floods, earthquakes, ","cbCaityP6kWAoOk0","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaityP6kWAoOk0","pdf",292668,7,1,6,"English","en",105,"# Executive Summary\n## Climate policy and institutional readiness\n## Energy mix, emissions, and air quality\n## Climate risks and disaster impacts\n## Adaptation investment needs","[{\"question\":\"What environmental and health impacts are linked to Montenegro’s recent growth?\",\"answer\":\"Resource-intensive investment growth has increased carbon and energy intensities. Coal use for power and heating contributes to high GHG emissions and poor air quality, worsened by vehicle traffic.\"},{\"question\":\"What external commitments shape Montenegro’s climate policies?\",\"answer\":\"Montenegro is part of the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement and must align energy and climate legislation with the EU acquis through the Energy Community Treaty.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does Montenegro face serious climate-related disaster risks?\",\"answer\":\"The country has high climate variability with frequent extreme events, including floods, earthquakes, landslides, droughts, wildfires, and heatwaves affecting both people and key economic sectors.\"}]","Montenegro - Country Climate and Development Report - Executive Summary | PDF",1784479512,15,{"code":4,"msg":32,"data":33},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":34,"title":13,"keywords":35,"description":14,"schema_data":36,"social_meta":88,"head_meta":90,"extra_data":92,"updated_unix":29},"montenegro-country-climate-and-development-report-executive-summary","",{"@graph":37,"@context":87},[38,55,70],{"@type":39,"itemListElement":40},"BreadcrumbList",[41,45,49,52],{"item":42,"name":43,"@type":44,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":46,"name":47,"@type":44,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":50,"name":12,"@type":44,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":53,"name":13,"@type":44,"position":54},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/montenegro-country-climate-and-development-report-executive-summary/109413/",4,{"url":53,"name":13,"@type":56,"author":57,"headline":13,"publisher":59,"fileFormat":62,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":63,"datePublished":64,"encodingFormat":62,"isAccessibleForFree":65,"interactionStatistic":66},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":58},"Person",{"url":42,"name":60,"@type":61},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-04","2026-07-19",true,{"@type":67,"interactionType":68,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":69},"ViewAction",{"@type":71,"mainEntity":72},"FAQPage",[73,79,83],{"name":74,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":76},"What environmental and health impacts are linked to Montenegro’s recent growth?","Question",{"text":77,"@type":78},"Resource-intensive investment growth has increased carbon and energy intensities. Coal use for power and heating contributes to high GHG emissions and poor air quality, worsened by vehicle traffic.","Answer",{"name":80,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":81},"What external commitments shape Montenegro’s climate policies?",{"text":82,"@type":78},"Montenegro is part of the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement and must align energy and climate legislation with the EU acquis through the Energy Community Treaty.",{"name":84,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":85},"Why does Montenegro face serious climate-related disaster risks?",{"text":86,"@type":78},"The country has high climate variability with frequent extreme events, including floods, earthquakes, landslides, droughts, wildfires, and heatwaves affecting both people and key economic sectors.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":53,"og:type":89,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":60,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":91,"canonical":53},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":94},[95,99,103,107,112,116,120,123,128,131,135],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":96,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":98},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":48,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":100,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":102},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":54,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":104,"show_sort_weight":105,"slug":106},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":108,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":109,"show_sort_weight":110,"slug":111},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":113,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":115},"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]