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It details MPXV virology, classical and emerging diagnostics for early detection, and assesses licensed and investigational vaccines, alongside progress in approved and potential therapeutic agents to inform further drug development and clinical strategies.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/monkeypox-virus-epidemiology-virology-diagnosis-vaccine-and-therapeutics/416342/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/monkeypox-virus-epidemiology-virology-diagnosis-vaccine-and-therapeutics/416342.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"McGucket","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",5,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is mpox and how is it related to monkeypox virus (MPXV)?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Mpox is the disease caused by MPXV, a zoonotic viral infection with clinical manifestations resembling smallpox. 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The review highlights that clade-driven epidemics differ in demographic distribution and severity, with Clade IIb linked to lesions often ranging from 2–10 and Clade Ib associated with more severe phenotypes and much higher lesion counts.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},416342,1790740484,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,100,105,109,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":55,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":106,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1236954412713,"https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","MedComm  \nREVIEW   \nMonkeypox Virus: Epidemiology, Virology, Diagnosis, Vaccine, and Therapeutics  \nYunzheng Yan1  Yaqin Sun1  Guangyan Sun1  Cheng Niu1  Xinyuan Zhao1  Ming Zhao1  Tongyao Liu1   \nSuyue Zhang1  Hui Zhai1  Ankang Liu1  Shouzhi Yu1  Shuyuan Pan1  Wu Zhong2  Yuntao Zhang3  Song Li2  \n1 State Key Laboratory of Novel Vaccines for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing, China  2National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing, China  3 State Key Laboratory of Novel Vaccines for Emerging Infectious Diseases, China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, China  \nCorrespondence: Shouzhi Yu ([yushouzhi@sinopharm.com](yushouzhi@sinopharm.com))  Shuyuan Pan (panshuyuan@sinopharm.com)  Wu Zhong (zhongwu@bmi.ac.cn)  Yuntao Zhang ([zhangyuntao@sinopharm.com](zhangyuntao@sinopharm.com))  \nReceived: 7 February 2025  Revised: 5 November 2025  Accepted: 10 November 2025  \nKeywords: diagnosis | epidemiology | monkeypox virus | therapeutics | vaccine | virology  \nABSTRACT  \nSince 2022, mpox epidemics have been sustaining and escalating over the world, posing a significant public health challenge. While significant progress has been made in diagnostic methodologies, prophylactic vaccines, and therapeutic interventions to mitigate monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection, scientific understanding of MPXV and related orthopoxviruses continues to evolve progressively. In order to keep pace with recent advancements, herein we review progress in mpox research from five key perspectives. This article first summarizes the latest epidemiological profiles, incorporating different viral lineages globally and in China, while highlighting their evolutionary history and distinct clinical characteristics. The virological profiles of MPXV shed light on its complete infectious lifecycle and the formation of distinct virus particle types. Clinically approved classical detection methods and emerging novel testing techniques are provided, establishing a framework for early diagnosis of mpox patients. The efficacy and safety of both licensed vaccines and those under development are analyzed to underscore their value in preventing mpox infection. Additionally, progress in approved and newly identified potential therapeutic agents is summarized and discussed, aiming to provide insights for further drug development and clinical treatment strategies.  \n1  Introduction  \nMonkeypox virus (MPXV) is a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the genus Orthopoxvirus, the family Poxviridae [1] . The disease caused by MPXV, namely mpox, is a zoonotic viral disease with smallpox-like clinical manifestations [2] . MPXV can infect humans via various routes, such as the skin, respiratory tract, and mucous membranes under conditions of close human-to-human contact or environmental exposure; the specific transmission route significantly affects the duration of the incubation period [2] . In addition, virus strain, expo-  \nsure route, infection dose, and the host’s immune status all have significant impacts on the clinical presentations. Before skin lesions appear, the majority of patients exhibit prodromal symptoms such as fever, lymphadenopathy, myalgias, malaise, and headache; subsequently, the classic development process of the skin lesions, from the stages of macules, papules, vesicles, and pustules to scabs, could resolve within 2–4 weeks [3–6] . It is noteworthy that immunocompromised populations (HIVinfected individuals, children, etc.) account for a high proportion among mpox patients, increasing susceptibility to severe disease and the risk of death [7–10] .  \n\n| Yunzheng Yan, Yaqin Sun and Guangyan Sun contributed equally to this work.\u003Cbr>|\n| --- |\n| This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.\u003Cbr>© 2026 The Author(s). MedComm pub","cbCaitV6o3K8wu63","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitV6o3K8wu63","pdf",1889253,26,"English","# Introduction\n## Epidemiological emergence and global outbreak timeline\n## Clade classification and strain-driven clinical differences\n## Purpose and review structure","[{\"question\":\"What is mpox and how is it related to monkeypox virus (MPXV)?\",\"answer\":\"Mpox is the disease caused by MPXV, a zoonotic viral infection with clinical manifestations resembling smallpox. The review describes MPXV as an Orthopoxvirus in the Poxviridae family.\"},{\"question\":\"How has the mpox outbreak evolved since 2022?\",\"answer\":\"The review states that a global mpox outbreak began in May 2022. It also notes WHO declarations of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) in July 2022 and August 2024.\"},{\"question\":\"How do different MPXV clades relate to epidemiology and clinical severity?\",\"answer\":\"According to the text, WHO classified MPXV into Clade I and Clade II, with further subclade subdivisions. The review highlights that clade-driven epidemics differ in demographic distribution and severity, with Clade IIb linked to lesions often ranging from 2–10 and Clade Ib associated with more severe phenotypes and much higher lesion counts.\"}]","Monkeypox Virus: Epidemiology, Virology, Diagnosis, Vaccine, and Therapeutics | PDF",1790605099,66]