[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-332332-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-332332-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","monitoring-mouse-papillomavirus-associated-cancer-development-using-longitudinal-pap-smear-screening","Monitoring mouse papillomavirus-associated cancer development using longitudinal Pap smear screening","","Substantial numbers of people remain at risk for cervical cancer because pre-existing human papillomavirus (HPV) infections persist despite prophylactic vaccination. Progress in developing new therapies depends on reliable preclinical models. The study validated Papanicolaou (Pap) smears as an early diagnostic approach to track disease progression in the MmuPV1 mouse model, using biweekly cervicovaginal swabs for viral DNA quantitation and cytology. Pap smear findings aligned with histology and immunocompromised and immunocompetent mice developed vaginal SCCs. Cellular abnormalities also resembled corresponding human stages over time.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/monitoring-mouse-papillomavirus-associated-cancer-development-using-longitudinal-pap-smear-screening/332332/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/monitoring-mouse-papillomavirus-associated-cancer-development-using-longitudinal-pap-smear-screening/332332.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Oliver","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",10,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Why is early diagnosis important for HPV-associated cervical cancer in the study context?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The abstract explains that pre-existing HPV infections continue to leave populations at risk despite vaccines, making early diagnosis and treatment crucial for better outcomes.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How did the researchers monitor disease progression in the MmuPV1 mouse model?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"They collected biweekly cervicovaginal swabs for viral DNA quantitation and cytology, then assessed Pap smear slides for epithelial cell abnormalities using the 2014 Bethesda system.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What evidence supports using Pap smears as a longitudinal tool in this model?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Increased viral replication over time matched higher viral DNA levels and coincided with escalating epithelial abnormalities. Cytology correlated with histological evaluation, and cellular abnormalities resembled corresponding human samples at similar disease stages.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},332332,1790118717,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,120,123,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":55,"slug":125},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":112,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},8796095461610,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","| Virology | Research Article  \nMonitoring mouse papillomavirus-associated cancer development using longitudinal Pap smear screening  \nHannah M. Atkins,1 Aysegul Aksakal Uslu,1 Jingwei J. Li,2,3 Debra A. Shearer,2,3 Sarah A. Brendle,2,3 Chen Han,4 Michael Kozak,3 Paul Lopez,5 Deesha Nayar,5 Karla K. Balogh,2,3 Catherine Abendroth,3 Jean Copper,2,3 Keith C. Cheng,2,3,6 Neil D. Christensen,2,3,7 Yusheng Zhu,3 Stefanie Avril,8 Adam D. Burgener,8,9,10,11 Thomas T. Murooka,5 Jiafen Hu2,3  \nAUTHOR AFFILIATIONS See affiliation list on p. 16.  \nABSTRACT A substantial percentage of the population remains at risk for cervical cancer due to pre-existing human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, despite prophylactic vaccines. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for better disease outcomes. The development of new treatments heavily relies on suitable preclinical model systems. Recently, we established a mouse papillomavirus (MmuPV1) model that is relevant to HPV genital pathogenesis. In the current study, we validated the use of Papanicolaou (Pap) smears, a valuable early diagnostic tool for detecting HPV cervical cancer, to monitor disease progression in the MmuPV1 mouse model. Biweekly cervicovaginal swabs were collected from the MmuPV1-infected mice for viral DNA quantitation and cytology assessment. The Pap smear slides were evaluated for signs of epithelial cell abnormalities using the 2014 Bethesda system criteria. Tissues from the infected mice were harvested at various times post-viral infection for additional histological and virological assays. Over time, increased viral replication was consistent with higher levels of viral DNA, and it coincided with an uptick in epithelial cell abnormalities with higher severity scores noted as early as 10 weeks after viral infection. The cytological results also correlated with the histological evaluation of tissues harvested simultaneously. Both immunocompromised and immunocompetent mice with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cytology also developed vaginal SCCs. Notably, samples from the MmuPV1-infected mice exhibited similar cellular abnormalities compared to the corresponding human samples at similar disease stages. Hence, Pap smear screening proves to be an effective tool for the longitudinal monitoring of disease progression in the MmuPV1 mouse model.  \nIMPORTANCE Papanicolaou (Pap) smear has saved millions of women's lives asa valuable early screening tool for detecting human papillomavirus (HPV) cervical precancers and cancer. However, more than 200,000 women in the United States alone remain at risk for cervical cancer due to pre-existing HPV infection-induced precancers, as there are currently no effective treatments for HPV-associated precancers and cancers other than invasive procedures including a loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) to remove abnormal tissues. In the current study, we validated the use of Pap smears to monitor disease progression in our recently established mouse papillomavirus model. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that provides compelling evidence of applying Pap smears from cervicovaginal swabs to monitor disease progression in mice. This HPV-relevant cytology assay will enable us to develop and test novel antiviral and anti-tumor therapies using this model to eliminate HPV-associated diseases and cancers.  \nKEYWORDS the mouse papillomavirus (MmuPV1), lower genital infection, Pap smear, LSIL, HSIL, squamous cell carcinoma, longitudinal, cytology, in situ hybridization,  \nEditor Mario Poljak, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia  \nAddress correspondence to Hannah M. Atkins, [hannah_atkins@med. unc.edu](hannah_atkins@med. unc.edu), Aysegul Aksakal Uslu, [a.guluslu@hotmail.com](a.guluslu@hotmail.com), Thomas T. Murooka, [thomas. murooka@umanitoba.ca](thomas. murooka@umanitoba.ca), or Jiafen Hu, [Fjh4@psu.edu](Fjh4@psu.edu).  \nHannah M. Atkins, Aysegul Aksakal Usl","cbCaiv0AvXGsv2Rp","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiv0AvXGsv2Rp","pdf",5348159,21,"English","# Abstract\n# Importance\n# Introduction and background\n## HPV infection burden and vaccination limits\n## Need for improved therapeutic approaches","[{\"question\":\"Why is early diagnosis important for HPV-associated cervical cancer in the study context?\",\"answer\":\"The abstract explains that pre-existing HPV infections continue to leave populations at risk despite vaccines, making early diagnosis and treatment crucial for better outcomes.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the researchers monitor disease progression in the MmuPV1 mouse model?\",\"answer\":\"They collected biweekly cervicovaginal swabs for viral DNA quantitation and cytology, then assessed Pap smear slides for epithelial cell abnormalities using the 2014 Bethesda system.\"},{\"question\":\"What evidence supports using Pap smears as a longitudinal tool in this model?\",\"answer\":\"Increased viral replication over time matched higher viral DNA levels and coincided with escalating epithelial abnormalities. Cytology correlated with histological evaluation, and cellular abnormalities resembled corresponding human samples at similar disease stages.\"}]","Monitoring mouse papillomavirus-associated cancer development using longitudinal Pap smear screening | PDF",1789997752,53]