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Aqueous and methanol extracts (5–50 µg/mL) were evaluated using MTT viability assays, ROS measurements, and fluorescence-based caspase-3 activity assays, with mechanistic work focused on 10 µg/mL. Both extracts increased survival, lowered ROS, and reduced caspase-3 activation, while LC/MS/MS identified chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, vanillin, and rutin as key phenolic constituents.",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/moltkia-coerulea-extracts-alleviate-caspase-3-activity-via-reducing-oxidative-stress-in-lps-induced-neurotoxicity-in-bv-2-cells/455298/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/moltkia-coerulea-extracts-alleviate-caspase-3-activity-via-reducing-oxidative-stress-in-lps-induced-neurotoxicity-in-bv-2-cells/455298.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"RuangKosong","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-09","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What question does the study address about Moltkia coerulea?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study tests whether Moltkia coerulea extracts can protect microglial cells from LPS-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis by modulating ROS and caspase-3 activity.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were the extracts and cellular responses evaluated?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Aqueous and methanol extracts were tested in BV-2 cells, with viability measured by MTT, and ROS generation and caspase-3 activity measured using fluorescence-based kits.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What were the main findings regarding caspase-3 and oxidative stress?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Both extracts improved cell survival, reduced ROS levels, and attenuated caspase-3 activation in LPS-treated BV-2 cells.",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"Which phenolic compounds were identified in the extracts?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"LC/MS/MS showed chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, vanillin, and rutin in the methanolic extract, while chlorogenic acid and rutin were most abundant in the aqueous extract.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},455298,1790769725,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":143,"language":144,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":145,"faqs":146,"seo_title":147,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":148,"read_time":41,"preview_page_count":4},962090883219,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences  \n\n| Volume 55  Number 6 | Article 26 |\n| --- | --- |\n| 12-12-2025\u003Cbr>Moltkia coerulea extracts alleviate caspase-3 activity via reducing\u003Cbr>oxidative stress in LPS-induced neurotoxicity in BV-2 cells ASLI CAN AĞCA\u003Cbr>DERYA ALTAY\u003Cbr>HÜDAVERDİ KUL\u003Cbr>ASLI F. CEYLAN\u003Cbr>BETÜL SEVER YILMAZ\u003Cbr>Follow this and additional works at: [https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/medical](https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/medical)\u003Cbr> Part of the Medical Sciences Commons |  |\n\nRecommended Citation  \nCAN AĞCA, A, ALTAY, D, KUL, H, CEYLAN, A. F, & SEVER YILMAZ, B (2025) . Moltkia coerulea extracts alleviate caspase-3 activity via reducing oxidative stress in LPS-induced neurotoxicity in BV-2 cells. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 55 (6): 1584-1594 . [https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0144.61](https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0144.61)17  \nThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.  \nThis Research Article is brought to you for free and open access by TÜBİTAK Academic Journals. It has been accepted for inclusion in Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences by an authorized editor of TÜBİTAK Academic Journals. For more information, please contact [academic.publications@tubitak.gov.tr](academic.publications@tubitak.gov.tr)  \n\n| \u003Cbr>| Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences [http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/medical/](http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/medical/)\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Research Article | Turk J Med Sci\u003Cbr>(2025) 55: 1584-1594 © TÜBİTAK\u003Cbr>doi:10.55730/1300-0144.6117 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n\nMoltkia coerulea extracts alleviate caspase-3 activity via reducing oxidative stress in  \nLPS-induced neurotoxicity in BV-2 cells  \nAslı CAN AĞCA1,*􀁋, Derya ALTAY2􀁋, Hüdaverdi KUL3􀁋, Aslı F. CEYLAN3􀁋, Betül SEVER YILMAZ4􀁋  \n1  \nDepartment of Traditional, Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Institute of Public Health, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University,  \nAnkara, Turkiye  \n2  \nDepartment of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University,  \nAnkara, Turkiye  \n3  \nDepartment of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkiye 4  \nDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkiye  \nReceived: 10.07.2025  Accepted/Published Online: 29.09.2025  Final Version: 12.12.2025  \nBackground/aim: Moltkia coerulea, a medicinal plant traditionally used for its neuroprotective properties, contains diverse phenolic compounds. However, its mechanisms of action in neuroinflammation remain unclear. We hypothesized that extracts ofM. coeruleamay protect microglial cells from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis by modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caspase-3 activity.  \nMaterials and methods: Aqueous and methanol extracts (5–50 µg/mL) were tested in BV-2 microglial cells. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay, while ROS generation and caspase-3 activity were measured using fluorescence-based kits. The effective concentration (10 µg/mL) was selected for mechanistic assays based on viability data and previous studies. The phenolic profile of the plant extracts was determined by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) .  \nResults: Both extracts improved cell survival, reduced ROS levels, and attenuated caspase-3 activation in LPS-treated BV-2 cells. LC/MS/ MS analysis identified chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, vanillin, and rutin as predominant in the methanolic extract, while chlorogenic acid and rutin were most abundant in the aqueous extract; all are associated with antioxidant and antiapoptotic potential.  \nConclusion: M. coerulea extracts alleviated LPS-induced apoptosis in BV-2 cells by reducing oxidative stress and caspase-3 activity. These findings suggest a potential neuroprotective role of phenolic compounds present in M. coerulea that may translate into beneficial effects in animal models and warrant further preclinical evaluat","cbCaiclVynhu8xyf","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiclVynhu8xyf","pdf",1063271,12,"English","# Background/aim\n# Materials and methods\n# Results\n# Conclusion\n# Key words\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What question does the study address about Moltkia coerulea?\",\"answer\":\"The study tests whether Moltkia coerulea extracts can protect microglial cells from LPS-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis by modulating ROS and caspase-3 activity.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the extracts and cellular responses evaluated?\",\"answer\":\"Aqueous and methanol extracts were tested in BV-2 cells, with viability measured by MTT, and ROS generation and caspase-3 activity measured using fluorescence-based kits.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the main findings regarding caspase-3 and oxidative stress?\",\"answer\":\"Both extracts improved cell survival, reduced ROS levels, and attenuated caspase-3 activation in LPS-treated BV-2 cells.\"},{\"question\":\"Which phenolic compounds were identified in the extracts?\",\"answer\":\"LC/MS/MS showed chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, vanillin, and rutin in the methanolic extract, while chlorogenic acid and rutin were most abundant in the aqueous extract.\"}]","Moltkia coerulea extracts alleviate caspase-3 activity - via reducing oxidative stress in LPS-induced neurotoxicity in BV-2 cells | PDF",1790742562]