[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-337039-105":59,"doc-detail-337039-en":134},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":127,"head_meta":129,"extra_data":131,"updated_unix":133},105,"en","molecular-landscape-of-eyelid-sebaceous-gland-carcinoma-a-comprehensive-review","Molecular landscape of eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma - A comprehensive review","","Eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) is an aggressive skin cancer associated with high recurrence and metastasis. The review synthesizes molecular alterations that drive eyelid SGC, focusing on genetic changes, signaling pathway disruptions, epigenetic modifications, and candidate therapeutic targets. Key pathway aberrations include β‑catenin, lymphoid enhancer binding factor, hedgehog, EGFR, P53, and P21WAF1, alongside a distinctive TP53 mutational profile lacking ultraviolet signature mutations. Next-generation sequencing highlights actionable alterations in genes such as PTEN and ERBB2, with XIAP and BAG3 supporting tumor survival, while epithelial–mesenchymal transition regulators and microRNA dysregulation further explain aggressiveness and prognosis.",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/molecular-landscape-of-eyelid-sebaceous-gland-carcinoma-a-comprehensive-review/337039/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/molecular-landscape-of-eyelid-sebaceous-gland-carcinoma-a-comprehensive-review/337039.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Seraphina","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What makes eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma clinically aggressive?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma has a heightened risk of recurrence and metastasis, contributing to poor outcomes. The review links aggressiveness to multiple molecular drivers including disrupted signaling and EMT regulators.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which molecular pathways are commonly aberrant in eyelid SGC?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The review reports aberrations in key signaling pathways such as β‑catenin, hedgehog, EGFR, P53, and P21WAF1, as well as lymphoid enhancer binding factor. These changes are associated with SGC progression and poor prognosis.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the TP53 mutational pattern in eyelid SGC differ from other skin cancers?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Eyelid SGC shows a distinctive mutational profile that lacks ultraviolet signature mutations in TP53. This suggests alternative mutagenic mechanisms compared with basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"What genes and processes may offer therapeutic opportunities?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"Actionable mutations identified by next-generation sequencing include PTEN and ERBB2, supporting personalized medicine concepts. The review also highlights XIAP and BAG3 in promoting tumor survival and proliferation, and emphasizes EMT regulators such as E‑cadherin, vimentin, and ZEB2.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},337039,1790277220,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":143,"language":144,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":145,"faqs":146,"seo_title":147,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":148,"read_time":149},962075114101,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/e000253a75eb197efd?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1780044092746381165","|  |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| Review Article |  |\n| Molecular landscape of eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma: A comprehensive\u003Cbr>review |  |\n\nPerumal Jayaraj, Debjeet Ray, Kevika Goel, Ananya Singh, Nimita Kant1, Seema Sen2  \nEyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) is an aggressive skin cancer characterized by a heightened risk of recurrence and metastasis. While surgical excision is the primary treatment, unraveling the molecular intricacies of SGC is imperative for advancing targeted therapeutic interventions and enhancing patient outcomes. This comprehensive review delves into the molecular landscape of eyelid SGC, emphasizing key genetic alterations, signaling pathways, epigenetic modifications, and potential therapeutic targets. Significant findings include aberrations in critical signaling pathways (β‑catenin, lymphoid enhancer binding factor, hedgehog, epidermal growth factor receptor, P53, and P21WAF1) associated with SGC progression and poor prognosis. Notably, eyelid SGC manifests a distinctive mutational profile, lacking ultraviolet signature mutations in tumor protein 53 (TP53), indicating alternative mutagenic mechanisms. Next‑generation sequencing identifies actionable mutations in genes such as phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and Erb‑B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2), facilitating the emergence of personalized medicine approaches. Molecular chaperones, specifically X‑linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) and BAG3, emerge as pivotal players in promoting tumor survival and proliferation. The review underscores the role of epithelial–mesenchymal transition, where regulators like E‑cadherin, vimentin, and ZEB2 contribute to SGC aggressiveness. Epigenetic modifications, encompassing DNA methylation and microRNAdysregulation, further elucidate the molecular landscape. This review consolidates a comprehensive understanding of the molecular drivers of eyelid SGC, shedding light on potential therapeutic targets and providing a foundation for future investigations in diagnostic, prognostic, and personalized treatment strategies for this formidable malignancy.  \n\n| Access this article online |\n| --- |\n| Website:\u003Cbr>[https://journals.lww.com/ijo](https://journals.lww.com/ijo) |\n| DOI:\u003Cbr>10.4103/IJO. IJO_167_24 |\n|  |\n| Quick Response Code:\u003Cbr>|\n\nKey words: EMT, eyelid, molecular landscape, sebaceous carcinoma  \nSebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) is a rare yet potentially aggressive skin cancer . About 40% of these carcinomas develop in the periocular region, constituting around 5% of all eyelid malignancies. [1,2] This aggressive malignancy is characterized by a heightened risk of recurrence and metastasis, necessitating immediate attention for effective management.[3] Presently, surgical excision remains the sole available treatment option, with some cases requiring surgical exenteration to address the aggressive nature of SGC.[4,5] The emerging role of neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy (NACT) is gaining attention, particularly for advanced tumors infiltrating the orbital structures beyond the eyelid.[6]  \nIntriguingly, SGC has been found to co‑occur with Muir– Torre syndrome (MTS), a subtype of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. [7] MTS patients often harbor germline pathogenic variants in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes, emphasizing the significance of exploring genetic markers associated with SGC.[8] However, it is important to note that periocular and extraocular tumors exhibit distinct behaviorsand genetic characteristics.[9]  \nDepartment of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 1Department of Zoology, Shivaji College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 2Department of Ocular Pathology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for  \nOphthalmic Science,All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India Correspondence to: Prof. SeemaSen, Department of Ocular Pathology, R.P. Centre, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India.  \nE‑[mail: drseemasen@gmail.com](mail: drseemasen@gmail.co","cbCaioD76TQTm4To","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioD76TQTm4To","pdf",1358633,11,"English","# Molecular landscape of eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma\n## Molecular drivers and genetic alterations\n## Signaling pathways and prognostic associations\n## Epigenetic changes and EMT-related regulators\n## Actionable mutations and therapeutic targets","[{\"question\":\"What makes eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma clinically aggressive?\",\"answer\":\"Eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma has a heightened risk of recurrence and metastasis, contributing to poor outcomes. The review links aggressiveness to multiple molecular drivers including disrupted signaling and EMT regulators.\"},{\"question\":\"Which molecular pathways are commonly aberrant in eyelid SGC?\",\"answer\":\"The review reports aberrations in key signaling pathways such as β‑catenin, hedgehog, EGFR, P53, and P21WAF1, as well as lymphoid enhancer binding factor. These changes are associated with SGC progression and poor prognosis.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the TP53 mutational pattern in eyelid SGC differ from other skin cancers?\",\"answer\":\"Eyelid SGC shows a distinctive mutational profile that lacks ultraviolet signature mutations in TP53. This suggests alternative mutagenic mechanisms compared with basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.\"},{\"question\":\"What genes and processes may offer therapeutic opportunities?\",\"answer\":\"Actionable mutations identified by next-generation sequencing include PTEN and ERBB2, supporting personalized medicine concepts. The review also highlights XIAP and BAG3 in promoting tumor survival and proliferation, and emphasizes EMT regulators such as E‑cadherin, vimentin, and ZEB2.\"}]","Molecular landscape of eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma - A comprehensive review | PDF",1790017481,28]