[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-108421-en":3,"doc-seo-108421-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},108421,549758252649,"Ivy","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/8000253669c5317157?_k=1778319167496531819",8,"Research & Report","Moldova Country Economic Memorandum - Achieving the European Union’s Standard of Living within a Generation","Moldova Country Economic Memorandum (CEM) analyzes how Moldova can converge toward average EU income levels within 30 years and outlines the growth agenda required to sustain living-standards gains. It reviews drivers of past performance, including productivity improvements and the reallocation of labor from agriculture to manufacturing and services, and identifies the remaining constraints. The report emphasizes policy options focused on boosting productivity, accelerating public infrastructure investment, and reforming public institutions that enable investment and productivity growth.","Report No: AUS0003407  \nPublic Disc losure Authorized  \nAuthorized Pub l ic Disclosure Authorized  \nMOLDOVA  \nCOUNTRY ECONOMIC MEMORANDUM ACHIEVING THE EUROPEAN UNION’S STANDARD OF LIVING WITHIN  \nPub lic Disclosure  \nA GENERATION  \nDisc losure Authorized  \nPublic  \nJune 2023  \n© 2017 The World Bank  \n1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433  \nTelephone: 202-473-1000; [Internet: www.worldbank.org](Internet: www.worldbank.org)[ ](Internet: www.worldbank.org)Some rights reserved  \nThis work is a product of the staff of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.  \nRights and Permissions  \nThe material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given.  \nAttribution  \nPlease cite the work as follows: “World Bank. 2023. Moldova CEM. © World Bank.”  \nAll queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: [pubrights@worldbank.org](pubrights@worldbank.org).  \nDOCUMENT OF THE WORLD BANK  \nCONTENTS  \nAcknowledgements  2  \nAcronyms and Abbreviations  3  \nExecutive Summary  5  \nOverview 8  \nWhat Would It Take for Moldova to Converge with Average EU Income Levels within 30 Years? 12  \nBoosting Productivity Growth  18  \nAccelerating Public Infrastructure Investment  23  \nReforming Public Institutions that Enable Productivity Growth and Investment  32  \nKey Policy Options to Accelerate Growth  40  \nMOLDOVA COUNTRY ECONOMIC MEMORANDUM 1  \nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  \nThis Moldova Country Economic Memorandum (CEM) was prepared by the World Bank Group team led by Stefano Curto, Marc Schiffbauer, and Marcel Chistruga consisting of Steven Pennings, Federico Fiuratti, Nicolo Dalvit, Mariem Malouche, Graciela Miralles Murciego, Denisse Pierola, Elena Timusheva, Fernanda Ruiz Nunez, Sandeep Kohli, Koji Nishida, Natalia Timofte, Silvia Martinez Romero, Galina Cicanci, Alberto Criscuolo, Oxana Druta, Elena Corman, Elena Lungu, Constantin Rusu, Iryna Shcherbyna, Laura Pop Ion Gonta, Lucia Casap, Natalie Nicolau, Alena Zielinski, Anatol Gobjila, Felicia Pricop, Roman Zhukovskyi and Carolina Odobescu.  \nThe team benefited from the guidance of Arup Banerji (Country Director), Inguna Dobraja (Country Manager), Jasmin Chakeri (Practice Manager), and Karlis Smits, Sevara Melibaeva, and Caryn Bredenkamp (Program Leaders) .  \nThe team gratefully acknowledges the excellent collaboration of the Government of Moldova.  \n2 DOCUMENT OF THE WORLD BANK  \nACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS  \nANRCETI National Regulatory Agency for Electronic Communications and Information  \nASD State Road Administration  \nBOS Businesses of the State  \nCBAM Cross-Border Adjustment Mechanism  \nCEM Country Economic Memorandum  \nCGF Credit Guarantee Fund  \nCO2  \nCarbon Dioxide  \nCO2e  \nCarbon Dioxide Equivalent  \nECA Europe and Central Asia  \nENTOSO-E European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity  \nES Enterprise Survey  \nEU European Union  \nFDI Foreign Direct Investment  \nFEZ Free Economic Zone  \nGCI Global Competitiveness Index  \nGDP Gross Domestic Product  \nGHG Greenhouse Gas  \nGVC Global Value Chains  \n ICT Information and Communication Technology   ILO International Labour Organization   IMF International Monetary Fund   \nLMIC Lower Middle-Income Country  \nLNG Liquified Natural Gas ","cbCaim4DAxGLMHw1","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaim4DAxGLMHw1","pdf",1487338,5,1,42,"English","en",105,"# Executive Summary\n# Overview\n## What Would It Take for Moldova to Converge with Average EU Income Levels within 30 Years?\n## Boosting Productivity Growth\n## Accelerating Public Infrastructure Investment\n## Reforming Public Institutions that Enable Productivity Growth and Investment\n## Key Policy Options to Accelerate Growth","[{\"question\":\"What major progress in living standards has Moldova achieved over the last two decades?\",\"answer\":\"Moldova’s strong economic growth increased per capita GDP and reduced poverty dramatically, moving the country from low-income to upper middle-income status.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the key drivers behind Moldova’s growth between 2000 and 2021?\",\"answer\":\"Growth was driven by a large rise in output per worker in agriculture and labor reallocation from agriculture into low-skill manufacturing and services.\"},{\"question\":\"What policy areas does the memorandum highlight to help Moldova converge to EU income levels?\",\"answer\":\"It focuses on boosting productivity growth, accelerating public infrastructure investment, and reforming public institutions that enable productivity and investment.\"}]",1784471102,106,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":28},"moldova-country-economic-memorandum-achieving-the-european-unions-standard-of-living-within-a-generation","",{"@graph":36,"@context":86},[37,54,69],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/moldova-country-economic-memorandum-achieving-the-european-unions-standard-of-living-within-a-generation/108421/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-29","2026-07-19",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"What major progress in living standards has Moldova achieved over the last two decades?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"Moldova’s strong economic growth increased per capita GDP and reduced poverty dramatically, moving the country from low-income to upper middle-income status.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"What were the key drivers behind Moldova’s growth between 2000 and 2021?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"Growth was driven by a large rise in output per worker in agriculture and labor reallocation from agriculture into low-skill manufacturing and services.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"What policy areas does the memorandum highlight to help Moldova converge to EU income levels?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"It focuses on boosting productivity growth, accelerating public infrastructure investment, and reforming public institutions that enable productivity and 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