[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-456712-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":85,"doc-detail-456712-en":134},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":78,"head_meta":80,"extra_data":82,"updated_unix":84},105,"en","modulation-of-immune-cells-by-aspirin-during-pregnancy","Modulation of Immune Cells by Aspirin During Pregnancy","","Pregnancy depends on finely tuned maternal immune adaptation to support fetal development while resisting external threats. When this balance fails, complications such as preeclampsia (PE) emerge, and low-dose aspirin (LDA) is commonly used though its immunological effects remain incompletely defined. In a prospective observational study, 32 healthy pregnant women were assessed for PE risk and followed across trimesters with blood counts and flow cytometry. The high-risk group receiving LDA showed lower haemoglobin and platelet levels in the second trimester, increased CD4/CD8 T-cell frequencies, NK-cell shifts toward CD56bright tolerogenic subsets, and expanded naïve and activated Treg cells. Activated Th17 and Th17.1 cells were reduced, indicating enhanced immune tolerance and reduced inflammatory signalling. Findings are hypothesis-generating due to limited sample size and a single-center design.",{"@graph":14,"@context":77},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/modulation-of-immune-cells-by-aspirin-during-pregnancy/456712/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/modulation-of-immune-cells-by-aspirin-during-pregnancy/456712.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Patrick","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",8,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69,73],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is the main goal of this study on aspirin during pregnancy?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"To determine how low-dose aspirin modulates immune cell populations in pregnant women assessed as high risk for preeclampsia.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How were participants grouped and what treatment was given?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Thirty-two healthy pregnant women were enrolled; 16 high-risk participants received low-dose aspirin (150 mg/day) from the first trimester to 36 weeks, while 16 served as controls.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Which immune changes were observed in the high-risk aspirin group by the second trimester?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The risk group showed increased T cell frequencies (higher CD4 and CD8 percentages), NK-cell shifts toward increased CD56bright tolerogenic cells with reduced CD56dim cytotoxic cells, and increased naïve and activated regulatory T cells alongside decreased memory Treg cells.",{"name":74,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":75},"How do the authors interpret the Th17/Th17.1 findings?",{"text":76,"@type":64},"Activated (HLA-DR+) Th17 and Th17.1 cells were lower in the high-risk aspirin group at the second trimester, suggesting enhanced immune tolerance and reduced inflammation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":79,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":81,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":83,"site_id":7},456712,1791214858,{"code":4,"msg":86,"data":87},"success",[88,92,96,100,105,110,114,118,123,126,130],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":115,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":117},"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":119,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":121,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":125},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":129},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":133},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":86,"data":135},{"doc_id":83,"user_id":136,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":111,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":127,"language":143,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":144,"faqs":145,"seo_title":146,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":147,"read_time":148,"preview_page_count":4},549758146520,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80002397d8c0411e94?_k=1775819394049821470","Immunology  \nORIGINAL ARTICLE  OPEN ACCESS   \nModulation of Immune Cells by Aspirin During Pregnancy  \nAna Luísa Areia1,2,3,4  | Jani Almeida2,3,4,5 | Vera Alves2,3,4,5 | Anabela Mota-Pinto2,3,4,6 | Helena Sá2,3,4,7  \n1Obstetrics Department, Coimbra University Hospitals—Coimbra Local Health Care Unit, Coimbra, Portugal | 2Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal | 3Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra | 4Centre of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Biomarkers & Inflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal | 5Institute of Immunology—Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra | 6Institute of General Pathology—Faculty of Medicine, University of  \nCoimbra | 7Nephrology Department, Coimbra University Hospitals—Coimbra Local Health Care Unit, Coimbra, Portugal Correspondence: Ana Luísa Areia ([8023@ulscoimbra.min-saude.pt](8023@ulscoimbra.min-saude.pt); [ana.areia@uc.pt](ana.areia@uc.pt))  \nReceived: 5 July 2025 | Revised: 27 September 2025 | Accepted: 3 October 2025  \nFunding: This work was supported by the Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra: Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Centre of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO) under the project UIDB/04539/2020 (CIBB) .  \nKeywords: adaptive immunity | aspirin | innate immunity | pre-eclampsia  \nABSTRACT  \nPregnancy requires precise maternal immune adaptation to support fetal development while maintaining defense against external threats. Disruption of this balance can result in complications such as preeclampsia (PE), a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Low-dose aspirin (LDA) is widely used to prevent PE, but its immunomodulatory mechanisms are not fully understood. In this observational study (CES-BS_SF_ 160_ 2022; NCT06882850), 32 healthy pregnant women were enrolled and PE risk assessed; 16 classified as high-risk received LDA (150 mg/day) from the first trimester until 36 weeks, and 16 served as controls. Peripheral blood was collected in each trimester (T1, T2, T3), with an additional sample 4 weeks after LDA initiation in the Risk Group (T1.2) . Complete blood counts and flow cytometry assessed immune cell populations. Both groups were well-matched for maternal, delivery, and neonatal characteristics, with no significant differences in complications or adverse outcomes. White blood cell subpopulations did not differ significantly. However, the Risk Group had significantly lower haemoglobin and platelet levels in the second trimester. T cell frequencies increased in the Risk Group by the second trimester, with higher percentages of CD4 and CD8 T cells. NK cell analysis showed a decrease in total NK cells at the second trimester versus 4 weeks after LDA initiation, with an increase in CD56bright (tolerogenic) NK cells and a decrease in CD56dim (cytotoxic) NK cells. Regulatory T cell (Treg) analysis revealed increased naïve and activated (HLA-DR+) Treg cells and decreased memory Treg cells at the second trimester. Activated (HLA-DR+) Th17 and Th17.1 cells were lower in the Risk Group at the second trimester. These results suggest that LDA in high-risk pregnancies is associated with lower haemoglobin and platelet levels, an increase in naïve Treg cells, and a shift from cytotoxic to tolerogenic NK cells. The decline in activated Th17 and Th17.1 cells indicates enhanced immune tolerance and reduced inflammation, supporting LDA's role in modulating immune responses to promote healthy pregnancy outcomes. Importantly, these findings should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating; the limited sample size and singlecenter design constrain the strength of clinical inferences and underscore the need for replication in larger, multicenter cohorts. Further research is needed to determine whether these immunological changes correlate with improved clinical outcome","cbCais0i7iMNZzKg","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCais0i7iMNZzKg","pdf",350582,"English","# Introduction\n# Methods and Study Design\n## Participant Groups and Risk Assessment\n## Immune Monitoring (Blood Counts and Flow Cytometry)\n# Results\n## Maternal and Clinical Characteristics\n## Immune Cell Population Changes Across Trimesters\n# Discussion and Interpretation","[{\"question\":\"What is the main goal of this study on aspirin during pregnancy?\",\"answer\":\"To determine how low-dose aspirin modulates immune cell populations in pregnant women assessed as high risk for preeclampsia.\"},{\"question\":\"How were participants grouped and what treatment was given?\",\"answer\":\"Thirty-two healthy pregnant women were enrolled; 16 high-risk participants received low-dose aspirin (150 mg/day) from the first trimester to 36 weeks, while 16 served as controls.\"},{\"question\":\"Which immune changes were observed in the high-risk aspirin group by the second trimester?\",\"answer\":\"The risk group showed increased T cell frequencies (higher CD4 and CD8 percentages), NK-cell shifts toward increased CD56bright tolerogenic cells with reduced CD56dim cytotoxic cells, and increased naïve and activated regulatory T cells alongside decreased memory Treg cells.\"},{\"question\":\"How do the authors interpret the Th17/Th17.1 findings?\",\"answer\":\"Activated (HLA-DR+) Th17 and Th17.1 cells were lower in the high-risk aspirin group at the second trimester, suggesting enhanced immune tolerance and reduced inflammation.\"}]","Modulation of Immune Cells by Aspirin During Pregnancy | PDF",1790746769,25]