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Metastatic skeletal lesions are common across breast, prostate, lung, and kidney cancers, often causing pain, fractures, and neurological impairment. This narrative review synthesizes contemporary strategies, highlighting multidisciplinary care and the concept of oligometastatic disease. Oligometastases, defined as limited metastatic spread, may enable more aggressive, potentially curative local interventions such as stereotactic ablative radiotherapy and surgery. It also stresses the role of tumor boards and identifies gaps in treatment sequencing and patient selection, recommending biomarker- and imaging-guided personalized research.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/modern-treatment-of-skeletal-metastases-multidisciplinarity-and-the-concept-of-oligometastasis-in-the-recent-literature/374384/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/modern-treatment-of-skeletal-metastases-multidisciplinarity-and-the-concept-of-oligometastasis-in-the-recent-literature/374384.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Margaret","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-28","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What are the main complications of skeletal metastases discussed in the review?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Skeletal metastases commonly lead to pain, fractures, hypercalcemia, and neurological deficits, especially with spinal involvement, which substantially reduce quality of life and functional capacity.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does the review define oligometastatic disease?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Oligometastatic disease is defined by limited metastatic spread, typically corresponding to 1–5 metastatic lesions, creating a potential opportunity for curative-intent local treatment.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Why is a multidisciplinary strategy emphasized for treating bone metastases?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The review emphasizes combining systemic therapies with radiotherapeutic and surgical local interventions, coordinated through approaches such as tumor boards, to optimize outcomes and improve patient selection.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},374384,1790293547,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":31},137451207643,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","Review  \nModern Treatment of Skeletal Metastases: Multidisciplinarity and the Concept of Oligometastasis in the Recent Literature  \nGiulia Trovarelli 1,2, Arianna Rizzo 3, Felicia Deborah Zinnarello 1,2, Mariachiara Cerchiaro 1,2, Andrea Angelini 1,2, Elisa Pala 1,2 and Pietro Ruggieri 1,2, *  \nReceived: 11 March 2025  \nRevised: 9 April 2025  \nAccepted: 10 April 2025  \nPublished: 11 April 2025  \nCitation: Trovarelli, G.; Rizzo, A.; Zinnarello, F.D.; Cerchiaro, M.; Angelini, A.; Pala, E.; Ruggieri, P. Modern Treatment of Skeletal Metastases: Multidisciplinarity and the Concept of Oligometastasis in the Recent Literature. Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32, 226. [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)curroncol32040226  \nCopyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://creativecommons.org/](https://creativecommons.org/)[ ](https://creativecommons.org/)[licenses/by/4.0/](licenses/by/4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy; [giulia.trovarelli@unipd.it](giulia.trovarelli@unipd.it) (G.T.); feliciadeborah.zinnarello@aopd.veneto (F.D.Z.); [mariachiara.cerchiaro@unipd.it](mariachiara.cerchiaro@unipd.it) (M.C.); [andrea.angelini@unipd.it](andrea.angelini@unipd.it) (A.A.); [elisa.pala@unipd.it](elisa.pala@unipd.it) (E.P.)  \n2 Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University of Padova, 35122 Padua, Italy  \n3 Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy; [ariannarizzo22@gmail.com](ariannarizzo22@gmail.com)  \n* [Correspondence: pietro.ruggieri@unipd.it](Correspondence: pietro.ruggieri@unipd.it); Tel.: +39-0498213372  \nAbstract: Bone metastases are a major concern in cancer management since they significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality. Metastatic lesions, commonly arising from breast, prostate, lung, and kidney cancers, affect approximately 25% of cancer patients, leading to severe complications such as pain, fractures, and neurological deficits. This narrative review explores contemporary approaches to bone metastases, emphasizing a multidisciplinary strategy and the evolving concept of oligometastatic disease. Oligometastases, defined by limited metastatic spread (1–5 lesions), offer a potential window for curative treatment through aggressive interventions, including stereotactic ablative radiotherapy and resection surgery. Tumor boards, integrating systemic therapies with local interventions, are crucial to optimize treatment. Despite promising results, gaps remain in defining optimal treatment sequences and refining patient selection criteria. Future research should focus on personalized approaches, leveraging biomarkers and advanced imaging to enhance outcomes and the quality of life in patients with bone metastases.  \nKeywords: bone metastases; surgical treatment; oligometastases; multidisciplinary approach; palliative care; quality of life  \n1. Introduction  \nBone metastases are a significant concern in cancer care as they impact a substantial number of patients and contribute heavily to cancer-related mortality and morbidity. Studies suggest that metastatic disease accounts for over 90% of cancer-related deaths, with bone being a prevalent site for secondary lesions, especially in cancers of the breast, prostate, lung, and kidney [1–4] . Approximately one in up to four cancer patients will develop bone metastases during their illness [5–7], highlighting the critical need for effective management strategies.  \nThe pathophysiology of bone metastasis involves a complex interplay between metastatic tumor cells and the bone microenvironment, often resulting in osteolytic orosteoblastic lesions, depending on the cancer type [8] . Breast and lung ca","cbCaikaAx3fDsOqS","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikaAx3fDsOqS","pdf",339748,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Materials and Methods","[{\"question\":\"What are the main complications of skeletal metastases discussed in the review?\",\"answer\":\"Skeletal metastases commonly lead to pain, fractures, hypercalcemia, and neurological deficits, especially with spinal involvement, which substantially reduce quality of life and functional capacity.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the review define oligometastatic disease?\",\"answer\":\"Oligometastatic disease is defined by limited metastatic spread, typically corresponding to 1–5 metastatic lesions, creating a potential opportunity for curative-intent local treatment.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is a multidisciplinary strategy emphasized for treating bone metastases?\",\"answer\":\"The review emphasizes combining systemic therapies with radiotherapeutic and surgical local interventions, coordinated through approaches such as tumor boards, to optimize outcomes and improve patient selection.\"}]","Modern Treatment of Skeletal Metastases: Multidisciplinarity and the Concept of Oligometastasis in the Recent Literature | PDF",1790201558]