[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-199531-en":3,"doc-seo-199531-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},199531,4398048949847,"Eliana","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/400002536579ef2da7f?_k=1778318612642679267",8,"Research & Report","Modeling and Simulation of Low Voltage Arcs - Doctoral Thesis Summary","Current interruption technology in low-voltage circuit breakers relies on the presence of an electric arc. This thesis develops modeling and comprehension tools for this complex phenomenon and aims at enabling predictive computational simulation. An experimental campaign studies industrial breaker behavior under short-circuit tests, including lumped parameter modeling, stray capacitance identification, current measurements for the post-arc phase, and signal regularization. Optical fiber measurements track arc motion and root behavior, while correlated performance evaluators discriminate success from failure. A plasma-based theoretical framework motivates a non-equilibrium black-box arc model and a multiphysical predictive simulation approach using MHD concepts, radiative heat transfer, and weakly coupled Navier-Stokes and Maxwell formulations.","Modeling and Simulation of Low Voltage Arcs  \nPROEFSCHRIFT  \nter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Technische Universiteit Delft, op gezag van de Rector Magni􀀌cus Prof. ir. K.C.A.M. Luyben, voorzitter van het College voor Promoties, in het openbaar te verdedigen  \nop dinsdag 12 oktober 2010 om 10:00 uur door  \nLuca GHEZZI  \nVerantwoordelijk voor hoofdstukken  \n1, 2.1, 2.3, 2.5, 2.6, 3.1, 3.4-3.10, 4, 5.1, 5.2, 5.6, 5.7, 5.9, 6, Dottore Magistrale in Matematica, Universit􀀓a di Milano, en Dottore in Ingegneria Civile, Politecnico di Milano, geboren te Gallarate, Itali􀁿e  \nop dinsdag 12 oktober 2010 om 11:30 uur door  \nAndrea BALESTRERO  \nVerantwoordelijk voor hoofdstukken  \n1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.4-2.6, 3.1-3.3, 3.10, 4.5, 5.1, 5.3-5.6, 5.8, 5.9, 6, Dottore in Fisica, Universit􀀓a di Genova, geboren te Recco, Itali􀁿e  \nDit proefschrift is goedgekeurd door de promotor: [Prof. ir. L. van](Prof. ir. L. van) der Sluis  \nCopromotor:  \nDr. dipl-ing. M. Popov  \nSamenstelling promotiecommissie: Rector Magni􀀌cus, voorzitter  \n[Prof. ir. L. van](Prof. ir. L. van) der Sluis, Technische Universiteit Delft, promotor Dr. dipl-ing. M. Popov, Technische Universiteit Delft, copromotor Prof. dr. I.M. Richardson, Technische Universiteit Delft  \nProf. dr. J.A. Ferreira, Technische Universiteit Delft  \nProf. dr. M. Lindmayer, Technische Universit􀁿at Braunschweig [Prof. dr.ir. R.P.P. Smeets](Prof. dr.ir. R.P.P. Smeets), Technische Universiteit Eindhoven Dr. A. Sciacca, ABB Corporate Research  \nProf. dr. J.J. Smit, Technische Universiteit Delft, reservelid  \nCopyright 􀀍c2010 by L. Ghezzi and A. Balestrero All rights reserved.  \nNo part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the publisher or authors.  \nTo our families  \nSummary  \nCurrent interruption is the core technology in low voltage circuit breakers and it is characterized by the presence of an electric arc. This thesis is an attempt to provide a contribution to the modeling and the comprehension of such a complex phenomenon, and possibly to indicate a predictive approach for its computational simulation.  \nAn experimental campaign is carried out, studying the behavior of real industrial breakers under short-circuit tests. The testing network is modeled in the framework of a lumped parameter approach, and suitable tests have been carried out to identify stray capacitances. Electrical measures are performed, including a special current sensor for the post-arc phase. A suitable signal regularization technique is de􀀌ned, in order to 􀀌lter noise out. Optical measures, based on 􀀌ber optics, are also used [90] and allow studying the motion of the arc and, particularly, of its roots. A set of performance evaluators are de􀀌ned, which are observed to be correlated with the quality of the interruption. For each evaluator, a threshold value discriminates in between successful interruptions and failures. We got experimental evidence of the correlation of the current zero region with the 􀀌nal outcome of the interruption [9] . On the other hand, the arc behavior clearly appears to be extremely scattered, even in nominally identical conditions.  \nA theoretical description of the electric arc is outlined, based on plasma physics. The chemical composition of air plasma is 􀀌rst described. Then the motion of interacting charged particles in an electric 􀀌eld is used to introduce the mechanism of energy transfer through collisions, especially between particle species of similar mass, and the mechanism of energy gain from the electric 􀀌eld, especially for particle species of lighter mass, i.e., electrons. The balance of the two mechanism determines the ful􀀌llment of the local thermal equilibrium. The thin arc root regions and the cold plasma condition when the arc is close to  \nii SUMMARY  \nextinction in the current","cbCaikZDj3UwbNCh","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikZDj3UwbNCh","pdf",6595021,2,1,348,"English","en",105,"# Summary\n## Experimental campaign and measurements\n## Black-box arc model and parameter identification\n## Predictive multiphysical simulation (MHD)","[{\"question\":\"What is the main focus of the thesis?\",\"answer\":\"The thesis focuses on modeling and understanding electric arcs in low-voltage circuit breakers, aiming to support predictive computational simulation.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the arc interruption studied experimentally?\",\"answer\":\"Real industrial breakers are tested under short-circuit conditions, using lumped parameter network modeling, stray capacitance identification, specialized current sensing for the post-arc phase, and optical fiber measurements to observe arc motion and arc roots.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is a non-equilibrium modeling approach proposed?\",\"answer\":\"The arc root regions and the cold plasma condition near current zero extinction suggest that non-equilibrium theory is needed for reliable modeling, motivating a corrected black-box arc model.\"}]","Modeling and Simulation of Low Voltage Arcs - 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