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Using a dynamical model that includes a chronic infection stage, R0 is derived and stability of all equilibria is analyzed. Daily case reports from Shunde District, Foshan City, support parameter estimation for β, ρ1, ρ2, total mosquitoes Tv, and initial infected mosquitoes Iv(0). Sensitivity highlights β and mosquito mortality ϵv as key drivers. Five intervention types are designed and an optimization control framework compares strategies, with personal protection providing the best cost-effectiveness and disrupting transmission while reducing chronic burden.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/modeling-and-control-of-chikungunya-with-chronic-infection-article/443945/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/modeling-and-control-of-chikungunya-with-chronic-infection-article/443945.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Quinn Holloway","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-30","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main modeling advancement in this study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study develops a dynamical model that explicitly incorporates a chronic infection stage for Chikungunya.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How are model parameters estimated?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Parameters are fitted using daily reported case data from Shunde District, Foshan City, producing estimates for transmission parameters, mosquito population size, and initial infected mosquitoes.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which interventions are considered for control and optimization?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Five intervention measure types are designed: personal protection, screening and detection, treatment of acute patients, management of chronic cases, and mosquito vector control measures.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},443945,1790789499,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":26},2336474466712,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Infectious Disease Modelling 11 (2026) 619–642  \nContents lists available at ScienceDirect  \nInfectious Disease Modelling  \njournal [homepage:](homepage: www . keaipublishing . com/idm)[ www . keaipublishing . com/idm](homepage: www . keaipublishing . com/idm)  \n| Modeling and control of Chikungunya with chronic infection Yan Wang a, *, Huan Ma a, Qian Yan b, Zhichun Yang a\u003Cbr>a School of Mathematical Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, PR China b School of Mathematics and Statistics, HuBei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei, 445000, PR China |  | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| a r t i c l e i n f o | a b s t r a c t\u003Cbr>Recognized globally as a major public health concern in the tropics and subtropics, Chikungunya fever also poses a potential epidemic risk in areas of China such as Guangdong Province, where suitable mosquito vector habitats exist. Based on a Chikungunya fever outbreak in Shunde District, Foshan City, this study develops a dynamical model incorporating a chronic infection stage. We derive R0 and perform a thorough stability analysis of all equilibria. Using daily reported case data from Shunde District, model fitting yields estimates for three key transmission parameters (β, ρ 1, ρ 2), the total mosquito population (Tv), and the initial number of infected mosquitoes (Iv(0)). Sensitivity analysis identifies that the primary positive and negative parameters on disease transmission are mosquito biting rate (β) and mosquito mortality rate (ϵv), respectively. Accordingly, five types of intervention measures are designed: personal protection, screening and detection, treatment of acute patients, management of chronic cases, and mosquito vector control measures. Based on these findings, we formulate a control framework to optimize intervention strategies. Numerical simulations not only validate the global asymptotic stability of the disease-free equilibrium when R0 \u003C 1 and that of the endemic equilibrium when R0 > 1, but also assess the effectiveness of different control strategies. Strategy A, which emphasizes personal protection, emerges as the most economically efficient option in the cost-effectiveness analysis. It not only effectively interrupts virus transmission but also optimally reduces the burden of chronic cases, thereby offering a scientifically sound and economically feasible approach for public health resource allocation.\u003Cbr>© 2025 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license ([http://](http://)[ ](http://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)). |  |\n| Article history:\u003Cbr>Received 16 September 2025\u003Cbr>Received in revised form 24 November 2025\u003Cbr>Accepted 6 December 2025\u003Cbr>Available online 10 December 2025 Handling Editor: Dr Daihai He |  |  |\n| Keywords: Chikungunya Chronic infection\u003Cbr>Stability analysis Optimal control Cost-effectiveness\u003Cbr>2020 MSC 34D23 49J15\u003Cbr>92D30 |  |  |\n\n1. Introduction  \nChikungunya virus (CHIKV), a single-stranded RNA Alphavirus within the Togaviridae family (Tang et al., 2023), is theetiological agent responsible for Chikungunya fever. This arboviral disease is primarily spread by Aedes mosquitoes and has a global distribution. Its cardinal clinical feature is characterized primarily by an acute high fever followed by intense arthralgia (Ortigoza et al., 2020). Chikungunya fever is rarely life-threatening, with a fatality rate of approximately 0.1 %(Pialoux et al., 2007). However, about 30–40 % of patients may develop chronic arthritis that persists for months or even years, resulting in significant loss of workforce capacity (Flandes et al., 2024 ; Milligan et al., 2019; Puntasecca et al., 2021;  \n* Corresponding author.  \nE-mail address: [yanwxxd18@163.com](yanwxxd18@163.com) (Y. Wang).  \nPeer review under the responsibility of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.  \n[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idm.2025.12.002](https://doi.org/10.1","cbCaifhJdXGPjwoP","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifhJdXGPjwoP","pdf",4213451,24,"English","# Contents lists available at ScienceDirect\n# Infectious Disease Modelling\n## Article info\n## Abstract\n## Article history\n## Keywords\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What is the main modeling advancement in this study?\",\"answer\":\"The study develops a dynamical model that explicitly incorporates a chronic infection stage for Chikungunya.\"},{\"question\":\"How are model parameters estimated?\",\"answer\":\"Parameters are fitted using daily reported case data from Shunde District, Foshan City, producing estimates for transmission parameters, mosquito population size, and initial infected mosquitoes.\"},{\"question\":\"Which interventions are considered for control and optimization?\",\"answer\":\"Five intervention measure types are designed: personal protection, screening and detection, treatment of acute patients, management of chronic cases, and mosquito vector control measures.\"}]","Modeling and control of Chikungunya with chronic infection - article | PDF",1790706173]