[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-86516-en":3,"doc-seo-86516-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},86516,687197207057,"Sage","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0",8,"Research & Report","Model-Free Detection and Accommodation of Sensor Faults for a PEM Electrolyzer","Detection and accommodation of sensor faults for a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer coupled to a DC/DC converter powered by renewable energy sources is investigated. The proposed fault-tolerant detection and accommodation is model-free, built on the ultra-local model concept from control engineering. Prior active control work for sensor-fault tolerance in this setting is not found. The method mitigates sensor-fault effects on closed-loop behavior while guaranteeing overall-system stability and performance. Numerical simulations under renewable energy variations validate the approach.","IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) - - - 5-9 October 2026, Lyon, France  \nModel-Free Detection and Accommodation of Sensor Faults For a PEM  \nElectrolyzer  \nMeziane Ait Ziane 1 , Michel Zasadzinski2, C´edric Join2 and Michel Fliess3  \narXiv :2607 . 10883v1 [ ee ss . SY] 12 Jul 2026  \nAbstract—We investigate the detection and accommodation of sensor faults for a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer coupled to a DC/DC converter powered by renewable energy sources. The proposed method for detecting and accommodating the sensor fault is model-free and is based on the concept of ultra-local model that is becoming classic in control engineering. The existing literature on active control tolerant to sensor fault dedicated to this question shows that no previous work has addressed this topic. Our approach mitigates the effect of sensor fault on closed-loop behavior and guarantees the stability and performance of the overall system. Numerical simulations under variations in renewable energy sources validate our approach.  \nI. INTRODUCTION  \nGreen hydrogen is playing an key part in reducing carbon emissions in the industrial and transport sectors. This hydrogen is mainly produced using water electrolysers powered by renewable energy sources. In this framework, Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers (PEMWE) technology is widely used for hydrogen production due to its fast response to renewable energy sources variations and its ability to support high current densities of up to 2 A/cm2 [1] .  \nDue to its complexity, the PEMWE system is subject to several types of faults: those occurring at the stack or cell level, such as membrane drying, crossover, membrane degradation, . . . , as well as those appearing at the system level, including balance of plant (leaks in pumps, valves, sensors, etc.) . In recent years, many studies have been devoted to the diagnosis of this system. A model-based diagnosis approach via bond graph is proposed in [2] . The detection and isolation of several stack faults as membrane flooding and drying, crossover, . . . are made by evaluating residuals. A signal-based approach is proposed in [3] to detect stack short circuits and water shortages and to detect pump fault in [4] . However, these methods consider the open loop operation of the system.  \nA PEMWE operates at a voltage significantly lower than that provided by Renewable Energy Sources (RES), thereby necessitating a DC/DC buck converter as an interface [5], [6] . An Active Fault-Tolerant Control (AFTC) strategy has been  \n*This work was not supported by any organization  \n1M. Ait Ziane is with Universit´e de Lorraine, GREEN, F-54000 Nancy, [France.](France. meziane.ait-ziane@univ-lorraine.fr)[ meziane.ait-ziane@univ-lorraine.fr](France. meziane.ait-ziane@univ-lorraine.fr)  \n[2](2 M. Zasadzinski and C. Join are with Research Center)[ M. Zasadzinski and C. Join are with Research Center](2 M. Zasadzinski and C. Join are with Research Center)[ ](2 M. Zasadzinski and C. Join are with Research Center)for Automatic Control of Nancy (CRAN), UMR CNRS 7039, Universit´e de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France {michel.zasadzinski,[cedric.join](cedric.join}@univ-lorraine.fr)[}](cedric.join}@univ-lorraine.fr)[@univ-lorraine.fr](cedric.join}@univ-lorraine.fr)  \n[3](3 M. Fliess is with Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions)[ M. Fliess is with Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions](3 M. Fliess is with Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions) ([LJLL](LJLL)), UMR CNRS 7598, Sorbonne Universit´e, 75005 Paris, France [michel.fliess@sorbonne-universite.fr](michel.fliess@sorbonne-universite.fr)  \nproposed for a three-phase stacked interleaved buck converter supplying a PEM electrolyzer [7], where a gate fault in one phase is considered. The proposed strategy enables continued operation under a degraded two-phase mode. Nevertheless, AFTC strategies addressing sensor faults accommodation for PEMWE systems remain largely unexplored and is the purpose of this work.  \nThis paper proposes ","cbCaiqpIJtgFRD7D","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqpIJtgFRD7D","pdf",1729626,5,1,7,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n# PEMWE Modeling and Control Objective\n## Modeling and control objective","[{\"question\":\"What system configuration is studied in the paper?\",\"answer\":\"A proton exchange membrane electrolyzer is coupled with a DC/DC converter powered by renewable energy sources, forming the basis for studying sensor fault detection and accommodation.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is the proposed sensor fault approach described as model-free?\",\"answer\":\"It relies on the ultra-local model concept and does not require mathematical modeling of the system for fault detection and accommodation.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the effectiveness of the method validated?\",\"answer\":\"Through numerical simulations that account for variations in renewable energy sources, showing improved closed-loop behavior and guaranteed stability and performance.\"}]",1784212325,18,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":28},"model-free-detection-and-accommodation-of-sensor-faults-for-a-pem-electrolyzer","",{"@graph":36,"@context":86},[37,54,69],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/model-free-detection-and-accommodation-of-sensor-faults-for-a-pem-electrolyzer/86516/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-25","2026-07-16",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"What system configuration is studied in the paper?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"A proton exchange membrane electrolyzer is coupled with a DC/DC converter powered by renewable energy sources, forming the basis for studying sensor fault detection and accommodation.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"Why is the proposed sensor fault approach described as model-free?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"It relies on the ultra-local model concept and does not require mathematical modeling of the system for fault detection and accommodation.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"How is the effectiveness of the method validated?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"Through numerical simulations that account for variations in renewable energy sources, showing improved closed-loop behavior and guaranteed stability and performance.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":88,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":90,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":93},[94,98,102,106,110,115,119,122,127,130,134],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},30,"research-report",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":129},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":131,"slug":133},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":135,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":20,"slug":137},19,"General","general"]