[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-602931-105":59,"doc-detail-602931-en":134},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":127,"head_meta":129,"extra_data":131,"updated_unix":133},105,"en","mobilizing-developmental-education-mobile-app-courseware-causal-effect-on-college-outcomes","Mobilizing Developmental Education - Mobile App Courseware Causal Effect on College Outcomes","","Evaluates how mobile app courseware affects college outcomes for students enrolled in developmental education, where learners are placed into non-credit-bearing coursework due to being unprepared for college-level classes. Using a randomized design that assigns course sections to app access or no access, the study finds significant short-term performance gains, marginal improvements in medium-term persistence and performance, and no impact on credential attainment within the study window. Results suggest a low-cost, scalable intervention despite implementation barriers.",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/mobilizing-developmental-education-mobile-app-courseware-causal-effect-on-college-outcomes/602931/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/mobilizing-developmental-education-mobile-app-courseware-causal-effect-on-college-outcomes/602931.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"MrHarris58","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What question does the study address about developmental education?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It evaluates the effect of mobile app courseware on the college outcomes of developmental education students, focusing on performance, persistence, and attainment measures.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the impact of the mobile apps tested?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Course sections were randomly assigned to receive access to the apps or not, using a randomized block design with developmental education faculty as blocks.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What outcomes improved after students accessed the mobile apps?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Access significantly improved student performance in developmental education outcomes and marginally improved medium-term college persistence and performance.",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"Did mobile app access increase credential attainment during the study timeframe?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"No. The results show that app access did not affect credential attainment within the study window.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},602931,1792475460,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":143,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":144,"faqs":145,"seo_title":146,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":147,"read_time":31},687212988360,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Research Article  \nEducational Evaluation and Policy Analysis December 2021, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 668–687 DOI: 10. 3102/01623737211013782  \nArticle reuse guidelines: [sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)© 2021 AERA. [https://journals.sagepub.com/home/epa](https://journals.sagepub.com/home/epa)  \nMobilizing Developmental Education: The Causal Effect of Mobile App Courseware on the College Outcomes of Developmental Education Students  \nMatt S. Giani  \nThe University of Texas at Austin  \nAllison Martin  \nBossier Parish Community College  \nDevelopmental education, in which college students deemed unprepared for college-level coursework enroll in non-credit-bearing courses, is widespread in American higher education. This study evaluates the effect of mobile app courseware on the college outcomes of developmental education students. We used a research design that randomly assigned course sections to receive access to the apps or not. The results show that access to the apps significantly improved student performance in developmental education outcomes and marginally improved medium-term college persistence and performance but did not affect credential attainment in the study timeframe. Despite a number of barriers to implementation, the results suggest the intervention has the potential to improve the short-term outcomes of developmental education students in addition to being low-cost and scalable.  \nKeywords: community colleges, evaluation, postsecondary education, higher education, experimental research, focus group interviews  \nDevelopmental education, in which college students deemed unprepared for college-level coursework enroll in non-credit-bearing courses to improve their academic skills, is widespread in American higher education. Among students in the United States who began postsecondary education in 2011–2012, 65% of those starting at public 2-year colleges and 31% of those beginning at public 4-year colleges enrolled in at least one developmental education course over the next 6 years (X. Chen et al., 2020) . Yet the majority of students assigned to developmental education never complete the required sequence of developmental courses (Bailey et al., 2008), and less than a quarter of community college students who take developmental courses earn a degree from any institution within 6 years (Ganga et al., 2018) . Although some research suggests that the outcomes of developmental education students are no different from  \ncommunity college students who do not enroll in developmental education once other student characteristics are controlled for (Bahr, 2008), reviews of the developmental education literature suggest placement into developmental education may have a significant negative effect on students’ probability of passing the collegelevel course in the developmental subject, college credits earned, and attainment (Valentine et al., 2017) .  \nDue to the prevalence of developmental education and the sub-optimal outcomes of students assigned to remediation (developmental education and remediation are used interchangeably throughout), researchers and reformers have developed a number of strategies to improve developmental students’ performance, persistence, and attainment (Bettinger et al., 2013) . Reforms such as integrating developmental content into other academic and technical courses  \nMobilizing Developmental Education  \n(Wachen et al., 2012), providing greater academic and financial supports to developmental education students (Scrivener et al., 2015), and creating learning communities for academically underprepared students (Sommo et al., 2012; Visher et al., 2012) can improve students’performance in developmental courses and increase persistence and attainment rates. However, many of these reforms are also quite expensive, raising questions about their efficiency and sustainability (Bettinger et al., 2013) .  \nBossier Parish Community College (","cbCaio0VfUCkfegX","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaio0VfUCkfegX","pdf",499267,"English","# Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis\n## Mobilizing Developmental Education\n## Literature Review","[{\"question\":\"What question does the study address about developmental education?\",\"answer\":\"It evaluates the effect of mobile app courseware on the college outcomes of developmental education students, focusing on performance, persistence, and attainment measures.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the impact of the mobile apps tested?\",\"answer\":\"Course sections were randomly assigned to receive access to the apps or not, using a randomized block design with developmental education faculty as blocks.\"},{\"question\":\"What outcomes improved after students accessed the mobile apps?\",\"answer\":\"Access significantly improved student performance in developmental education outcomes and marginally improved medium-term college persistence and performance.\"},{\"question\":\"Did mobile app access increase credential attainment during the study timeframe?\",\"answer\":\"No. The results show that app access did not affect credential attainment within the study window.\"}]","Mobilizing Developmental Education - Mobile App Courseware Causal Effect on College Outcomes | PDF",1792095460]