[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-82532-en":3,"doc-seo-82532-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},82532,549758146520,"Patrick","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80002397d8c0411e94?_k=1775819394049821470",8,"Research & Report","Mobility-safe Adaptive Reserve Certification for Electric Vehicle–Hydrogen Bus–Building Resilience Hubs","Zero-emission mobility depots become resilience assets when one site supports electric-vehicle charging, hydrogen-bus operation, conversion equipment, and critical-building backup. The challenge extends beyond outage-time export capacity: hydrogen used for building backup can strand buses, EV availability is stochastic, and building demand varies seasonally. A mobility-safe reserve certification framework is introduced for a coupled EV–hydrogen-bus–critical-building hub, combining physics-hybrid load twin modeling, one-sided split conformal calibration, adaptive conformal inference under drift, and mobility-first scheduling.","arXiv :2607 .00585v1 [ ee ss . SY] 1 Jul 2026  \nMobility-safe adaptive reserve certification for EV–hydrogen-bus–building resilience hubs  \nYifan Wanga,∗  \na Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A  \n2T7, Canada  \nAbstract  \nZero-emission mobility depots are becoming attractive resilience assets because the same site can host electric-vehicle charging, hydrogen-bus operation, stationary conversion equipment, and nearby critical-building backup. The operating problem is not simply how much energy can be exported during an outage. Hydrogen exported to a building can strand buses, electricvehicle availability is stochastic, and critical-building demand changes seasonally. This paper introduces a mobility-safe reserve certification framework for a coupled electric-vehicle, hydrogen-bus, and critical-building hub. The framework combines a physics-hybrid universal differential equation buildingload twin, one-sided split conformal reserve calibration, adaptive conformal inference for seasonal drift, and a mobility-first scheduling rule that protects post-event bus service before assigning hydrogen to buildings. The evaluation uses 495,221 real electric-vehicle charging sessions across eight reported regions, AC Transit GTFS-derived hydrogen-bus service days, and EnergyPlus 25.2 critical-building simulations under real TMY3 weather. Across 66,816 held-out outage scenarios, a mobility-blind hydrogen-export policy served 39.2% of critical-building demand but protected buses in 0% of cases and produced a 426 .7 kg mean bus-hydrogen shortfall. A nominal mean-resource promise delivered only 45 .4% of commitments. The certified mobility-first policy was the only tested policy that simultaneously achieved 100% commitment delivery, 100% bus protection, and zero mean bus-hydrogen shortfall, while serving 20 .5% of critical-building demand. Under a summer-to-winter load shift, adaptive conformal inference raised late-period empirical coverage  \n∗ Corresponding author.  \nEmail address: [yifan.wang18@mail.mcgill.ca](yifan.wang18@mail.mcgill.ca) (Yifan Wang)  \nPreprint submitted to Applied Energy July 2, 2026  \nfrom 0.687 to 0.831 and reached 0.891 overall coverage against a 0.90 target with lower mean reserve than static split conformal. Across 12 building/seed drift runs, the adaptive conformal policy kept low late-coverage variability and the lowest mean reserve among the tested methods. The results show that resilience value in shared zero-emission hubs depends on service-aware certification, not on raw export capacity alone.  \nKeywords: critical buildings, vehicle-to-building, hydrogen buses, energy resilience, adaptive conformal inference, scientific machine learning  \n1. Introduction  \nPower outages turn transportation energy infrastructure into a publicservice allocation problem. An electric or hydrogen depot may appear to contain spare energy, but that energy is already attached to different obligations: buses must finish service, electric vehicles may or may not be connected when the event occurs, and critical buildings must sustain life-safety functions. Treating the depot as a generic battery can therefore create a hidden failure. A policy that maximizes building export can consume the hydrogen reserve needed for bus continuity, while a policy that commits only mean available resources can fail exactly on adverse days.  \nRecent work has shown that mobile energy resources can strengthen building and community resilience during outages. Electric vehicles and shared autonomous electric vehicles have been studied as flexible backup resources for critical buildings and mobility services [1–3] . Electric school buses have also been evaluated as backup sources for educational-function continuation [4] . In parallel, electric-bus depot scheduling, electric-vehicle aggregators, hybrid charging/refueling stations, and hydrogen-vehicle energy hubs have advanced rapidly [5–9] . These streams make the same future ","cbCaisSVs4zY3jlm","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisSVs4zY3jlm","pdf",631250,4,1,17,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Mobility and resilience as service allocation\n## Gap in existing hub and certification studies\n# Framework and method\n## Physics-hybrid universal differential equation load twin\n## One-sided split conformal reserve calibration\n## Adaptive conformal inference for seasonal drift\n## Mobility-first certification and scheduling rule","[{\"question\":\"Why can maximizing building energy export cause hidden failures during outages?\",\"answer\":\"Because hydrogen exported to buildings can strand hydrogen buses, while electric-vehicle connectivity and availability at the event are uncertain. Critical-building demand also shifts seasonally, making generic “battery-like” export assumptions unreliable.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the main goal of the mobility-safe adaptive reserve certification framework?\",\"answer\":\"To certify day-ahead reserves for a coupled EV–hydrogen-bus–critical-building hub in a way that protects post-event bus service while still providing critical-building backup under non-stationary forecast errors.\"},{\"question\":\"How does adaptive conformal inference improve performance across seasonal changes?\",\"answer\":\"It updates the effective miscoverage level online when seasonal residuals drift, increasing empirical coverage in later periods compared with static split conformal and reducing late-coverage variability across building/seed drift runs.\"}]",1784181303,43,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"mobility-safe-adaptive-reserve-certification-for-electric-vehiclehydrogen-busbuilding-resilience-hubs","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,53,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/mobility-safe-adaptive-reserve-certification-for-electric-vehiclehydrogen-busbuilding-resilience-hubs/82532/",{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-23","2026-07-16",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"Why can maximizing building energy export cause hidden failures during outages?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Because hydrogen exported to buildings can strand hydrogen buses, while electric-vehicle connectivity and availability at the event are uncertain. Critical-building demand also shifts seasonally, making generic “battery-like” export assumptions unreliable.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"What is the main goal of the mobility-safe adaptive reserve certification framework?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"To certify day-ahead reserves for a coupled EV–hydrogen-bus–critical-building hub in a way that protects post-event bus service while still providing critical-building backup under non-stationary forecast errors.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"How does adaptive conformal inference improve performance across seasonal changes?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"It updates the effective miscoverage level online when seasonal residuals drift, increasing empirical coverage in later periods compared with static split conformal and reducing late-coverage variability across building/seed drift runs.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,120,123,128,131,135],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]