[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-408618-105":59,"doc-detail-408618-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","mitophagy-in-age-dependent-neurodegeneration","Mitophagy in Age-Dependent Neurodegeneration","","Mitochondrial dysfunction drives neuronal injury during aging, largely because neurons rely on high-energy metabolism and are sensitive to oxidative stress. Mitophagy maintains a functional mitochondrial pool by removing damaged organelles, helping prevent the progression of mitochondrial impairment. Brain aging is linked to reduced metabolic activity, worsened mitochondrial dysfunction, and higher risks of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. This review summarizes molecular and signaling pathways of mitophagy and their dysregulation across physiological and pathological aging to support target discovery and therapy development.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/mitophagy-in-age-dependent-neurodegeneration/408618/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/mitophagy-in-age-dependent-neurodegeneration/408618.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"CatatanPagi","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How does mitophagy relate to neuronal damage during aging?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Mitophagy preserves neuronal function by maintaining a pool of functional mitochondria. It disposes of damaged organelles, preventing mitochondrial dysfunction from progressing during aging.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What brain aging changes increase the risk of neurodegenerative diseases?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Brain aging reduces the activity of metabolic processes and aggravates mitochondrial dysfunction. This contributes to a higher risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What processes and proteins are involved in mitophagy and autophagosome formation?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Macroautophagy removes large substrates through an autophagosome formed by lysosome–phagophore fusion. Autophagy-related proteins (Atg) and factors like LC3 (ATG8) and adaptor proteins (including p62) participate in recognizing initiation signals and enabling degradation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},408618,1790728895,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":46,"preview_page_count":4},962090894170,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","REVIEWS  \nMitophagy in Age-Dependent Neurodegeneration  \nV. S. Sukhorukov 1,2 , A. V. Egorova 1,2* , A. S. Romanenko 1,2 , M. S. Ryabova 1,2 , A. P. Krasilnikova3  \n1Russian Center of Neurology and Neurosciences, Moscow, 125367 Russia  \n2Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117513 Russia  \n3M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234 Russia  \n* [E-mail: AV_Egorova@bk.ru](E-mail: AV_Egorova@bk.ru)  \nReceived April 18, 2025; in final form, July 02, 2025  \nDOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.27674  \nCopyright © 2025 National Research University Higher School of Economics. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \nABSTRACT Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the pathogenetic mechanisms of neuronal damage during aging. The high energy dependence of neurons makes them particularly vulnerable to age-related changes accompanied by oxidative stress and impaired energy metabolism. The maintenance of a pool of functional mitochondria is regulated by mitophagy, which ensures the utilization of damaged organelles, thereby preventing the progression of mitochondrial dysfunction. Brain aging is accompanied by a reduced level of activity of metabolic processes, aggravated mitochondrial dysfunction, and an increased risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. This review highlights the molecular and signaling pathways of mitophagy and its dysregulation during physiological and pathological aging, which is of particular interest for identifying pharmaceutical targets and developing potential therapies for neurodegenerative conditions.  \nKEYWORDS mitophagy, mitochondria, aging, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease.  \nABBREVIATIONS AD – Alzheimer’s disease; PD – Parkinson’s disease.  \nINTRODUCTION  \nThe age-related alterations inevitably developing in the brain during aging pose a significant societal challenge, as they are frequently accompanied by the onset of cognitive impairment and underlie the pathogenesis of a number of neurodegenerative diseases [1, 2].  \nMitochondria, organelles with a broad range of functions aimed at coordinating the intracellular homeostasis, play a particularly crucial role in maintaining adequate neuronal function upon the agerelated and pathological involution of the brain [3] . Mitochondrial dysfunction significantly increases the risk of one developing age-related neurodegenerative diseases because of the energy deficit that developsin nervous tissue, as well as the overproduction of reactive oxygen species, initiation of apoptosis and inflammatory responses, and the disruption to synaptic transmission [4].  \nThe structural and functional characteristics of mitochondria are consistently under rapid transformation, their key stages being collectively known as “the mitochondrial dynamics.” Mitochondrial dynamics in-  \nvolve key processes such as biogenesis, fission, and fusion of these organelles, even as they also require an adequate system for their elimination known as mitophagy [5].  \nMitophagy is a process that aims to dispose of damaged organelles and regulate the cellular content of mitochondria within the boundaries required for maintaining a metabolic balance [6] . It involves the swallowing of defective mitochondria by specialized vesicles, followed by their fusion with the lysosomes responsible for the degradation of defective organelles [7–9].  \nMitophagy is critically important in maintaining a functional pool of neurons because of the unique structure and function of the nervous tissue, its voracious appetite for energy, and the need for a continuous renewal of the components of the cytoplasm.  \nBrain aging is accompanied by a decline in mitophagic activity, which aggravates mitochondrial dysfunction, and increases the risk of developing neurodege","cbCaiqRH1i59r2dQ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqRH1i59r2dQ","pdf",511388,"English","# Introduction\n# The General Data on the Mechanisms of Macroautophagy: Mitophagy","[{\"question\":\"How does mitophagy relate to neuronal damage during aging?\",\"answer\":\"Mitophagy preserves neuronal function by maintaining a pool of functional mitochondria. It disposes of damaged organelles, preventing mitochondrial dysfunction from progressing during aging.\"},{\"question\":\"What brain aging changes increase the risk of neurodegenerative diseases?\",\"answer\":\"Brain aging reduces the activity of metabolic processes and aggravates mitochondrial dysfunction. This contributes to a higher risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.\"},{\"question\":\"What processes and proteins are involved in mitophagy and autophagosome formation?\",\"answer\":\"Macroautophagy removes large substrates through an autophagosome formed by lysosome–phagophore fusion. Autophagy-related proteins (Atg) and factors like LC3 (ATG8) and adaptor proteins (including p62) participate in recognizing initiation signals and enabling degradation.\"}]","Mitophagy in Age-Dependent Neurodegeneration | PDF",1790579992]