[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-84619-en":3,"doc-seo-84619-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":83},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},84619,1649267921044,"Ava Thompson","https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1800007509477c92dfb?_k=1782875107921204101",8,"Research & Report","Mitigating Confirmation Bias through Hand-Drawing Videos","Understanding data visualizations is essential for informed decision-making, yet interpretation is often shaped and even distorted by prior beliefs. An embodied pedagogical approach is investigated in which viewers observe dynamic hand-drawing construction of a visualization to mitigate confirmation bias and improve interpretation accuracy. A study compares static bar charts with hand-drawn videos across contexts that either align with or challenge prior beliefs. Results show more accurate interpretations, fewer belief-consistent errors, and more belief-overriding responses, supporting bias-mitigating interface design.","© 2026 IEEE. This is the author’s version of the article that has been published in IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. The final version of this record is available at: xx.xxxx/TVCG.202x.xxxxxxx/  \nMitigating Confirmation Bias through Hand-Drawing Videos  \nChenyu Lin  , Cindy Xiong  , Icy Zhang   \nAbstract—Understanding data visualizations is essential for informed decision-making, yet interpretation is often shaped and even distorted by prior beliefs. We investigate whether an embodied pedagogical approach, in which viewers observe the dynamic handdrawing of a visualization, can mitigate confirmation bias and improve interpretation accuracy. We conducted a study comparing static bar charts to videos in which charts are constructed through hand-drawing, across contexts that either align with or challenge participants’ prior beliefs. The results indicate that hand-drawn videos helped participants accurately interpret data, even when the data conflicted with their prior beliefs. This approach also reduced belief-consistent errors and increased belief-overriding responses. These findings suggest that exposing the construction process of a visualization supports more accurate reasoning and mitigates the influence of confirmation bias. Consequently, this work introduces a promising design space for bias-mitigating data interfaces.  \nIndex Terms—Embodied cognition, bar graph, confirmation bias, hand-drawing  \narXiv :2607 .0 1359v 1 [ cs .HC] 1 Jul 2026  \n1 INTRODUCTION  \nConfirmation bias remains a challenge to accurate data interpretation because people may favor evidence that aligns with prior beliefs while discounting contradictory information. This is especially problematic in visual data communication, where charts are often assumed to support objective reasoning but can instead reinforce existing beliefs [21, 22] .  \nIn this paper, we approach the challenge of mitigating confirmation bias in visualization through the lens of embodied cognition. Our approach is also informed by dual-process theories of reasoning, which distinguish between fast, intuitive judgments (System 1) and slower, more deliberate reasoning (System 2) [17] .  \nWe hypothesize that hand-drawing construction of visualizations can reduce biased interpretation through two mechanisms. First, embodied construction influences our intuitive (System 1) processing by grounding interpretation in sensorimotor experience, promoting heuristics that better reflect the underlying data [11] . Second, the step-by-step unfolding of the visualization engages analytical (System 2) processing by slowing down interpretation and making intermediate states of the visualization visible, helping viewers to evaluate the visualized patterns more deliberately rather than relying on initial impressions, which could mitigate bias [34] .  \nTo test our hypothesis, we conduct an initial study to evaluate whether observing hand-drawing videos of visualizations improves interpretation accuracy and mitigates confirmation bias. We also examine whether these effects are stronger in belief-relevant contexts and whether they are associated with reductions in belief-consistent errors and increases in belief-overriding responses.  \nBecause this intervention combines both embodied and dynamic elements, it evaluates their joint impact as a holistic paradigm rather than isolating their individual effects. We treat this work as a foundational test of an embodiment-inspired visualization technique that establishes a baseline that enables future research to disentangle the specific contributions of embodiment versus step-by-step animation.  \nContributions: We introduce an embodied cognition approach for visualization as a potential intervention to mitigate confirmation bias. We also provide empirical evidence that observing the step-by-step construction of charts can improve interpretation accuracy, particularly in belief-relevant contexts.  \n• Chenyu Lin is with the University of Wi","cbCaikNaUI2Z01sm","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikNaUI2Z01sm","pdf",5570543,1,5,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Contributions\n# Related Work\n## Confirmation Bias","[{\"question\":\"What evidence does the study provide about interpretation accuracy?\",\"answer\":\"The study compares static bar charts with hand-drawn construction videos and finds improved accuracy, reduced belief-consistent errors, and increased belief-overriding responses even when data conflicts with prior beliefs.\"}]",1784197176,13,{"code":4,"msg":30,"data":31},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":32,"title":13,"keywords":33,"description":14,"schema_data":34,"social_meta":78,"head_meta":80,"extra_data":82,"updated_unix":27},"mitigating-confirmation-bias-through-hand-drawing-videos","",{"@graph":35,"@context":77},[36,53,68],{"@type":37,"itemListElement":38},"BreadcrumbList",[39,43,47,50],{"item":40,"name":41,"@type":42,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":44,"name":45,"@type":42,"position":46},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":42,"position":49},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":42,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/mitigating-confirmation-bias-through-hand-drawing-videos/84619/",4,{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":40,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-17","2026-07-16",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What evidence does the study provide about interpretation accuracy?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"The study compares static bar charts with hand-drawn construction videos and finds improved accuracy, reduced belief-consistent errors, and increased belief-overriding responses even when data conflicts with prior beliefs.","Answer","https://schema.org",{"og:url":51,"og:type":79,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":81,"canonical":51},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":84},[85,89,93,97,101,106,111,114,119,122,126],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":86,"show_sort_weight":87,"slug":88},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":90,"show_sort_weight":91,"slug":92},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":129},19,"General","general"]