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An Exercise Science Knowledge Survey was created to measure knowledge and misconceptions across ten areas of exercise and nutrition. VET students improved while misconceptions decreased post-training, yet PTs showed no significant differences versus post-VET students in knowledge, misconceptions, or critical thinking ability.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/misconceptions-in-the-knowledge-of-vocational-fitness-students-and-graduates-april-2020/592832/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/misconceptions-in-the-knowledge-of-vocational-fitness-students-and-graduates-april-2020/592832.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Marglet","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the main purpose of the research?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To compare knowledge, the presence of misconceptions, and critical thinking ability among VET fitness students at the start and end of training, and among qualified personal trainers, and to examine differences in information sources used.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How did VET students’ knowledge and misconceptions change after training?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"VET students’ knowledge improved and misconceptions decreased from pre- to post-training.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Did qualified personal trainers differ from post-VET students in key outcomes?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"No; PTs did not differ from post-VET students in knowledge, misconceptions, or critical thinking ability.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},592832,1792171904,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},2336477982702,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Australian Journal of Adult Learning Volume 60, Number 1, April 2020  \nMisconceptions in the knowledge of vocational fitness students and graduates  \nDaniel J Jolley Melissa Davis Andrew P Lavender  \nSouth Metropolitan TAFE Edith Cowan University Federation University  \nThe use of non-academic sources of health information is popular among both the public and exercise professionals. However, the quality of this information varies and without the application of critical thinking skills, may lead to misconceptions forming. This research aimed to compare the knowledge, presence of misconceptions, and critical thinking ability of vocational education and training (VET) fitness students at the beginning and end of their training, and qualified personal trainers (PTs). It also examines differences in the sources of information used by students and professionals. An Exercise Science Knowledge Survey was developed to assess knowledge and misconceptions about ten areas of exercise and nutrition. VET students were assessed at the beginning and end of a personal training qualification and PTs were surveyed once. Though VET students’knowledge improved and misconceptions decreased from pre-to post training, PTs did not differ from post-VET students in knowledge,  \nMisconceptions in the knowledge of vocational fitness students and graduates 67  \nmisconceptions, or critical thinking ability. PTs reported using more varied sources of information and were more likely to trust reliable sources. Critical thinking ability correlated with higher knowledge scores and lower misconception scores. Instruction in critical thinking should be embedded at lower levels of VET, and exercise professionals should be encouraged to undertake higher levels of study.  \nKeywords: critical thinking, personal trainers, sources, professional development  \nIntroduction  \nThe benefits of physical activity and healthy eating are well established and widely promoted to the public.However, patterns of eating and exercise can vary greatly, so it is not unusual for the public to search for information to inform their decisions.While searching for health information online is popular among the public,(Fox & Duggan, 2013; Hall, Bernhardt, Dodd & Vollrath, 2015), and those accessing websites for health information have a sense of competence and control in making health decisions (Lemire, Sicotte & Paré, 2008), there is a risk of receiving poor quality information. A range of informal sources such as forums and social media may be used (Lederman, Fan, Smith & Chang, 2014), and readers may not investigate the quality of the information presented in detail, instead relying on heuristics to judge the information (Metzger, Flanagin & Medders, 2010). A heuristic approach is a cognitive shortcut, used to reduce complex mental tasks into simple judgements, and speed up processing (Stanovich, Toplak & West, 2008). While often helpful, heuristics can negatively impact learning, as they may affect how new information is interpreted.This information may be judged based on its agreement with existing opinions (Koriat, Lichtenstein & Fischhoff, 1980), known as confirmation bias (Nickerson, 1998).Later evidence inconsistent with this opinion is diminished in importance (Sherman, Zehner, Johnson & Hirt, 1983), and over time the existing opinion can become stronger.If this opinion is incorrect, amisconception can form.This is a persistent belief contradicting current scientific opinion (Badenhorst, Mamede, Hartman & Schmidt, 2015).  \nCorrecting a misconception requires the learner to undergo a process of conceptual change (Posner, Strike, Hewson & Gertzog, 1982).But  \n68 Daniel JJolley, Melissa Davis, Andrew P Lavender  \nthis process is more difficult, and the misconception more resistant to change, if the misconception is fundamentally different from the correct understanding. Chi (2005) used two physiological processes to illustrate this point.While circulation is a direct process, with clea","cbCairIiLMUksn63","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairIiLMUksn63","pdf",844002,23,"English","# Introduction\n# Misconceptions in personal trainers\n## Information sources and heuristic processing\n## Conceptual change and misconception persistence","[{\"question\":\"What was the main purpose of the research?\",\"answer\":\"To compare knowledge, the presence of misconceptions, and critical thinking ability among VET fitness students at the start and end of training, and among qualified personal trainers, and to examine differences in information sources used.\"},{\"question\":\"How did VET students’ knowledge and misconceptions change after training?\",\"answer\":\"VET students’ knowledge improved and misconceptions decreased from pre- to post-training.\"},{\"question\":\"Did qualified personal trainers differ from post-VET students in key outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"No; PTs did not differ from post-VET students in knowledge, misconceptions, or critical thinking ability.\"}]","Misconceptions in the knowledge of vocational fitness students and graduates - April 2020 | PDF",1792075829,58]