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This review addresses the gap by synthesizing evidence on miRNAs in LUAD, emphasizing diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/mirnas-in-lung-adenocarcinoma-role-diagnosis-prognosis-and-therapy/381609/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/mirnas-in-lung-adenocarcinoma-role-diagnosis-prognosis-and-therapy/381609.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Chumphorn","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":33},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58,64,68],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"Why is lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) clinically challenging?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"Most LUAD cases are diagnosed at advanced stages, leading to poor prognosis. Late-stage presentation, tumor heterogeneity, and limited understanding of tumor biology contribute to this outcome.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"What biological role do microRNAs (miRNAs) play in cells?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by interfering with mRNA translation, often via base pairing with the 3' UTR, resulting in mRNA degradation or translational repression.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"How does miRNA biogenesis proceed according to the review?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"Pri-miRNAs are processed by a microprocessor complex centered on DROSHA and DGCR8 to form pre-miRNAs. Pre-miRNAs are exported by XPO5 and cleaved by DICER1, producing miRNA duplexes that are loaded into RISC to regulate target genes.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":74,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":76,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":78,"site_id":7},381609,1791701864,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"success",[83,87,91,95,100,105,109,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":84,"show_sort_weight":85,"slug":86},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":88,"show_sort_weight":89,"slug":90},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":92,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":131},{"doc_id":78,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":106,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":33,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},2336475401981,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000c94efd8d5204d?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786935347598174694","Review  \nMiRNAs in Lung Adenocarcinoma: Role, Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy  \nYongan Song 1, Leonardo Kelava 2 and Istv¡n Kiss 1, *  \nCitation: Song, Y.; Kelava, L.; Kiss, I. MiRNAs in Lung Adenocarcinoma: Role, Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 13302. [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)ijms241713302  \nAcademic Editor: David Mu  \nReceived: 31 July 2023  \nRevised: 22 August 2023  \nAccepted: 23 August 2023  \nPublished: 27 August 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Public Health Medicine, University of P²cs Medical School, Szigeti Str. 12, 7624 P²cs, Hungary  \n2 Department of Thermophysiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of P²cs, Szigeti Str. 12, 7624 P²cs, Hungary  \n* Correspondence: [istvan.kiss@aok.pte.hu](istvan.kiss@aok.pte.hu)  \nAbstract: Lung cancer has emerged as a significant public health challenge and remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Among various types of lung malignancies, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) stands as the most prevalent form. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in gene regulation, and their involvement in cancer has been extensively explored. While several reviews have been published on miRNAs and lung cancer, there remains a gap in the review regarding miRNAs specifically in LUAD. In this review, we not only highlight the potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications of miRNAs in LUAD, but also present an inclusive overview of the extensive research conducted on miRNAs in this particular context.  \nKeywords: miRNA; LUAD; tumor suppressor; oncogenic; diagnosis; prognosis; therapy  \n1. Introduction  \nFor several decades, lung cancer has sustained its position as the primary cause of cancer-related mortality, presenting a significant global public health challenge. It ishistopathologically categorized into small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with NSCLC accounting for over 80% of cases. NSCLC includes adenocarcinoma (LUAD), squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), and large cell carcinoma (LCC), with LUAD being the most prevalent subtype, comprising around 40–45% of cases [1] . Despite recent advancements in detection methods and targeted therapies, the majority of LUAD cases are diagnosed at advanced stages and have a poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of only around 15%[2] . This grim prognosis is due to the late-stage disease presentation, heterogeneous tumor characteristics with a variety of histological subtypes, and our insufficient understanding of tumor biology. The development of targeted therapies that address specific molecular alterations necessitates precise subclassification of lung cancer, a task that surpasses the capabilities of standard histopathological diagnostic techniques. Moreover, due to our incomplete comprehension of the pathogenesis and dynamic fluctuations in tumor gene expression profiles, the progress of LUAD therapy has reached a plateau, demanding urgent breakthroughs [3] . Therefore, genomic medicine emerges as a promising field in complementing and expanding LUAD research.  \nMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that were first identified in 1993 during studies of Caenorhabditis elegans. It was quickly recognized that these seemingly conserved miRNA sequences play a crucial role in regulatory pathways in eukaryotes [4] . MiRNAs can interfere with mRNA translation through complementary base pairing with the 30 untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNAs, leading to either mRNA degradation or translational repression [5] . Around 70% of miRNAs are ","cbCaicG9OEgIwuOO","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicG9OEgIwuOO","pdf",704601,25,"English","# Introduction\n## MicroRNAs in gene regulation and biogenesis\n## LUAD clinical challenge and need for molecular classification","[{\"question\":\"Why is lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) clinically challenging?\",\"answer\":\"Most LUAD cases are diagnosed at advanced stages, leading to poor prognosis. Late-stage presentation, tumor heterogeneity, and limited understanding of tumor biology contribute to this outcome.\"},{\"question\":\"What biological role do microRNAs (miRNAs) play in cells?\",\"answer\":\"MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by interfering with mRNA translation, often via base pairing with the 3' UTR, resulting in mRNA degradation or translational repression.\"},{\"question\":\"How does miRNA biogenesis proceed according to the review?\",\"answer\":\"Pri-miRNAs are processed by a microprocessor complex centered on DROSHA and DGCR8 to form pre-miRNAs. Pre-miRNAs are exported by XPO5 and cleaved by DICER1, producing miRNA duplexes that are loaded into RISC to regulate target genes.\"}]","MiRNAs in Lung Adenocarcinoma: Role, Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy | PDF",1790246144,63]