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Shortages  \nPotential Career Advancement  \nImmigration in Minnesota  \nThe following are facts about the immigrant community in Minnesota:  \n• Immigrants comprise roughly 8.3% of the state population and 10% of the Minnesota labor force  \n• Top industries of immigrant employment:  \no Health Care and Social Assistance, 60,580 workers  \no Manufacturing, 58,908 workers  \no Accommodation and Food Services, 28,603 workers  \no Professional, Scientific and Technical Services, 28,299 workers  \no Retail Trade, 26,769 workers  \n• Nearly 24,144 immigrant business owners accounted for 8% of all self-employed Minnesota residents  \n• 49.2% of immigrants in Minnesota are naturalized and another 23% are undocumented  \n• Top foreign-born countries of origin:  \no Mexico, 13.9%  \no India, 7.2%  \no Somalia, 5.7%  \no Laos, 5.5%  \no Ethiopia, 4.6%  \n• About 6.6% of native-born Minnesotans are children of an immigrant  \nJob Shortages  \n\n| Rank | Occupation | Average\u003Cbr>Annual Job\u003Cbr>Openings\u003Cbr>2016-2026 | Median\u003Cbr>Hourly\u003Cbr>Wage* | Typical\u003Cbr>Skill\u003Cbr>Level\u003Cbr>Required\u003Cbr>** | Typical\u003Cbr>Entry\u003Cbr>Education\u003Cbr>Required | State\u003Cbr>Licensing\u003Cbr>Required | Potential\u003Cbr>Career\u003Cbr>Advancement\u003Cbr>with License\u003Cbr>or\u003Cbr>Certification |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 1. | Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers | 13,610 | $10.95 | Low | No formal education | No | Yes |\n| 2. | Personal Care\u003Cbr>Aides | 13,480 | $11.78 | Low | High school\u003Cbr>diploma or\u003Cbr>equivalent | For\u003Cbr>Medicaid | Yes |\n| 3. | Retail\u003Cbr>Salespersons | 12,240 | $11.43 | Low | No formal\u003Cbr>education | No | Yes |\n| 4. | Cashiers | 11,850 | $10.63 | Low | No formal\u003Cbr>education | No | No |\n| 5. | Waiters and\u003Cbr>Waitresses | 9,720 | $9.91 | Low | No formal\u003Cbr>education | No | Yes |\n| 6. | Customer Service Representatives | 7,330 | $17.91 | Low | High school\u003Cbr>diploma or\u003Cbr>equivalent | No | Yes |\n| 7. | Janitors and\u003Cbr>Cleaners | 6,900 | $13.65 | Low | No formal\u003Cbr>education | No | Yes |\n| 8. | General Office\u003Cbr>Clerks | 6,450 | $16.84 | Low | High school\u003Cbr>diploma or\u003Cbr>equivalent | No | Yes |\n| 9. | Manual Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers | 5,580 | $15.27 | Low | No formal\u003Cbr>education | No | No |\n| 10. | Heavy and\u003Cbr>Tractor-Trailer\u003Cbr>Truck Drivers | 4,420 | $21.72 | Middle | Post\u003Cbr>secondary\u003Cbr>non degree | Yes | Yes |\n\n*Minnesota Hourly Minimum Wage is $7.87 or $9.65 if employed by a company with $500,000 or more in revenue (Jan 2018)  \n** Skill level: Low – High school (HS) diploma or equivalent or less; Middle – More than HS diploma but less than bachelor’s degree; High – Bachelor’s degree or higher  \nPotential Career Advancement with License or Certification  \nCombined Food Preparation and Serving Workers  \nJob Description  \n•  Perform duties which combine preparing and serving food and nonalcoholic beverages  \nLicensing/Certification Requirements  \n• Food Handler Certification – Minnesota law does not require food preparation and serving workers to obtain a food handler certification. However, some employers may prefer or require it  \no Certification generally requires:  \n▪ Training – approximately 2 hours  \n▪ Exam – not required by law, but some training programs may require it  \n▪ Fee – approximate cost of an online training program is $7.00  \n▪ Renewal – every 3 years  \nFor Immigrants  \n• Requirements for immigrants are the same as native-born residents  \n• Online training is also offered in foreign languages:  \n[o ](o  360training.com)[ 360training.com](o  360training.com), Inc.– Spanish  \n[o ](o  AboveTraining/StateFoodSafety.com)[ AboveTraining/StateFoodSafety.com](o  AboveTraining/StateFoodSafety.com) – Spanish, Korean, Vietnamese, Chinese, SerboCroatian, Tagalog and American Sign Language  \no  Food Handler Solutions LLC – Spanish  \no  Food Safety Educators – Spanish  \no  National Registry of Food Safety Professionals® – ","cbCaipjyAi8K9hP2","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipjyAi8K9hP2","pdf",389963,"English","# Map to Success: Identifying Job Opportunities and Career Pathways\n## Immigration in Minnesota\n## Job Shortages\n## Potential Career Advancement with License or Certification\n### Food Handler Certification\n### Certified Food Protection Manager","[{\"question\":\"What are the key immigration-related statistics provided for Minnesota?\",\"answer\":\"Immigrants make up about 8.3% of the state population and 10% of the Minnesota labor force. The document also notes shares for naturalized and undocumented immigrants and lists top countries of origin.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the document define job shortages for Minnesota?\",\"answer\":\"It ranks occupations with projected average annual job openings for 2016–2026, along with median hourly wages, typical skill levels, entry education, and whether state licensing is required.\"},{\"question\":\"What certification pathways are described for career advancement?\",\"answer\":\"It outlines potential advancement tied to licensing or certification, including food handler certification options and the Minnesota requirements for a certified food protection manager, with typical training, exam, fees, and renewal cycles.\"}]","Minnesota - Immigration in Minnesota - Job Shortages and Career Pathways | PDF",1790036868,15]