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Late detection at advanced stages is a key contributor to recurrence, making molecular clarification essential for earlier diagnosis. Forkhead Box (FOX) transcription factors control diverse cellular processes, and FOX dysregulation is reported across cancers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding regulators and stable, non-invasive diagnostic markers. This review examines how miRNAs regulate FOX proteins during tumor progression and metastasis.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/micrornas-as-the-critical-regulators-of-forkhead-box-protein-family-during-gynecological-and-breast-tumor-progression-and-metastasis-review/378199/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/micrornas-as-the-critical-regulators-of-forkhead-box-protein-family-during-gynecological-and-breast-tumor-progression-and-metastasis-review/378199.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Chumphorn","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-24","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is early diagnosis important for gynecological and breast tumors?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Late diagnosis in advanced tumor stages contributes to treatment failure and recurrence. 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The review highlights miRNA/FOX interactions as a basis for non-invasive diagnostic panels.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},378199,1790876384,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},2336475401981,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000c94efd8d5204d?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786935347598174694","Taghehchian et al. European Journal  \nEuropean Journal of Medical Research (2023) 28:330  \n[https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-023-01329-7](https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-023-01329-7 of Medical Research)[ of Medical Research](https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-023-01329-7 of Medical Research)  \n REVIEW Open Access  \nMicroRNAs as the critical regulators of Forkhead box protein family during gynecological and breast tumor progression and metastasis  \nNegin Taghehchian1, Malihe Lotfi 1, Amir Sadra Zangouei2, Iman Akhlaghipour2 and Meysam Moghbeli 1,3*  \nAbstract  \nGynecological and breast tumors are one of the main causes of cancer-related mortalities among women. Despite recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic methods, tumor relapse is observed in a high percentage of these patients due to the treatment failure. Late diagnosis in advanced tumor stages is one of the main reasons for the treatment failure and recurrence in these tumors. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the molecular mechanisms involved in progression of these tumors to introduce the efficient early diagnostic markers. Fokhead Box (FOX) is a family of transcription factors with a key role in regulation of a wide variety of cellular mechanisms. Deregulation of FOX proteins has been observed in different cancers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as a group of non-coding RNAs have important roles in post-transcriptional regulation of the genes involved in cellular mechanisms. They are also the non-invasive diagnostic markers due to their high stability in body fluids. Considering the importance of FOX proteins in the progression of breast and gynecological tumors, we investigated the role of miRNAs in regulation of the FOX proteins in these tumors. MicroRNAs were mainly involved in progression of these tumors through FOXM, FOXP, and FOXO. The present review paves the way to suggest a non-invasive diagnostic panel marker based on the miRNAs/FOX axis in breast and gynecological cancers.  \nKeywords Gynecological cancer, Breast cancer, miRNAs, FOX, Diagnosis  \nBackground  \nBreast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed (2.3 million cases or 11.7% of all cancers) and the fifth cancer-related mortality (685,000 death or 6.9% of all cancer) worldwide [1]. Invasive ductal carcinoma is the main  \n*Correspondence: Meysam Moghbeli  \n[Meysam_moghbeli@yahoo.com](Meysam_moghbeli@yahoo.com); [moghbelim@mums.ac.ir](moghbelim@mums.ac.ir)  \n1 Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran  \n2 Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran  \n3 Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran  \nhistological type of BC with prevalence rate of 50–80%[2–4]. Gynecological tumors are one of the most frequent and the major causes of cancer-related death in women worldwide. The five main types of gynecological cancer are cervical, uterine, vaginal, vulvar, and ovarian. Gynecological tumors incidence is about 1.4 of 19 million of all new cases with 0.7 out of 10 million deaths per year. Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth cancer-related mortality in women globally. It is estimated that there were over 600,000 (3.1%) new cervical cancer cases and 342,000 (3.4%) deaths in 2020. Vaginal cancer is a rare cancer that accounts for 0.1% of new cases deaths globally. Vulvar cancer is also a rare gynecological cancer with an estimated incidence and mortality rate of 0.2% in 2020.  \n© The Author(s) 2023. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articl","cbCailWd24uqB67R","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailWd24uqB67R","pdf",1728068,14,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# Background","[{\"question\":\"Why is early diagnosis important for gynecological and breast tumors?\",\"answer\":\"Late diagnosis in advanced tumor stages contributes to treatment failure and recurrence. Early diagnostic markers are needed to improve outcomes.\"},{\"question\":\"What role do FOX proteins play according to the review?\",\"answer\":\"FOX proteins are a transcription factor family that regulates many cellular mechanisms. Their deregulation is observed across cancers.\"},{\"question\":\"How do microRNAs contribute to tumor progression in this context?\",\"answer\":\"MicroRNAs regulate FOX-related pathways involved in progression, particularly through FOXM, FOXP, and FOXO. The review highlights miRNA/FOX interactions as a basis for non-invasive diagnostic panels.\"}]","MicroRNAs as the critical regulators of Forkhead box protein family during gynecological and breast tumor progression and metastasis - Review | PDF",1790228938,35]