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The article traces the evolution of microbiota–cancer research from early observations of microbes in tumors to key discoveries that link specific microorganisms to cancer development. It explains molecular mechanisms connecting microbiota to oncogenic signaling, immune regulation, and tumor metabolism, and discusses both tumor-promoting and tumor-inhibiting functions. The review further covers microbiota-driven effects on anticancer immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and emerging microbiota-targeting strategies including probiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, concluding with directions toward personalized interventions and clinical translation.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/microbiota-in-cancer-current-understandings-and-future-perspectives/344702/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/microbiota-in-cancer-current-understandings-and-future-perspectives/344702.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Patrick","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-23","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the central focus of this review on microbiota and cancer?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The review explains how the microbiota influences carcinogenesis, cancer progression, and prognosis. It also emphasizes the therapeutic potential of microbiota-based approaches.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the review connect microbiota to cancer progression at the molecular level?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It details mechanisms linking microbiota to oncogenic pathways, immune responses, and tumor metabolism. These mechanisms clarify how microbial effects can modulate tumor behavior.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What does the review discuss about how microbiota affects anticancer treatments?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It outlines how microbiota mediates responses to anticancer immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. It also summarizes emerging strategies targeting microbiota such as probiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, alongside approved drugs and clinical trials.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},344702,1790164199,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},549758146520,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80002397d8c0411e94?_k=1775819394049821470","Signal Transduction [and Targeted Therapy](and Targeted Therapy www.nature.com/sigtrans)[ www.nature.com/sigtrans](and Targeted Therapy www.nature.com/sigtrans)  \nREVIEW ARTICLE  \nOPEN  \nMicrobiota in cancer: current understandings and future perspectives  \nYanxi Yao1,2,3,4, Yifei Zhu1,2,3,4, Keji Chen1,2,3,4, Jiayu Chen4,5, Yuxue Li4,5, Dawei Li4,5 ✉ and Ping Wei 1,2,3,4 ✉  \n\n| | The intricate relationship between the microbiota and cancer has recently emerged as a pivotal area of research, highlighting their critical roles in carcinogenesis, progression, and prognosis. With the increasing recognition of the therapeutic potential of the microbiota in cancer, there is an urgent need to understand the diverse impacts of different microbiota on tumors and explore innovative strategies to harness their benefits. For the first time, this review traces the historical evolution of microbiota–cancer studies, from early observations of microbial presence in cancers to landmark discoveries linking specific microorganisms to carcinogenesis. Furthermore, this study delves into the molecular mechanisms underlying microbiota-mediated cancer progression to elucidate the modulatory roles of oncogenic pathways, immune responses, and tumor metabolism. We also discuss the dual roles of the microbiota in promoting and inhibiting cancer, highlighting its potential as both a facilitator of tumor growth and a target for therapeutic intervention. In addition, this review highlights the mechanism by which the microbiota mediates the response to anticancer immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Simultaneously, emerging anticancer strategies targeting microbiota (e.g., probiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation) have been explored alongside U.S. Food and Drug Administrationapproved drugs and ongoing clinical trials. Finally, this review outlines future directions in this field, emphasizing the need for personalized approaches to harness the anticancer potential of the microbiota. The interpretations in this review are expected to | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  | establish a stereoscopic, comprehensive framework for advancing research and clinical applications in microbiota-targeted oncology. |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy (2026)11:39 ; [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-025-02335-3](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-025-02335-3) |  |\n|  |  |  |\n\nINTRODUCTION  \nOver the past century, there has been significant evolution in the study of the microbiota in cancer, renewing our understanding of the influence of microbial communities on human health and diseases. Early observations documented the presence of microorganisms in tumor tissues, but their roles in cancer biology have remained speculative for decades. Landmark discoveries, such asthe identification of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), as causative agents in gastric cancer, revealed that specific microbes have a direct impact on carcinogenesis through inflammation, genotoxicity, and immune modulation. These findings in relevant fields have increased the interest of researchers in exploring diverse microbiota‒cancer interactions. At present, the microbiota is recognized as a key regulator of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is capable of driving or inhibiting cancer progression through its generous regulatory roles in host pathways, immune responses, and metabolic processes. In this context, the microbiota are recognized for their dual nature—functioning both as“accomplices” in cancer progression and as potential “allies” in therapeutic interventions. This duality endows them with remarkable complexity and significance in the field of oncology.1,2 This highlights the importance of investigating potential mechanisms underlying the cancer-promoting and therapeutic anticancer roles of the microbiota. These findi","cbCaitPJAvjNMDd8","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitPJAvjNMDd8","pdf",7515267,54,"English","# Introduction\n# Research History and Milestone Events of the Microbiota in Cancer\n# Microbiota-Mediated Mechanisms in Cancer Progression\n# Dual Roles of Microbiota in Cancer\n# Microbiota and Anticancer Therapies\n# Microbiota-Targeting Strategies and Clinical Evidence\n# Future Directions in Microbiota-Targeted Oncology","[{\"question\":\"What is the central focus of this review on microbiota and cancer?\",\"answer\":\"The review explains how the microbiota influences carcinogenesis, cancer progression, and prognosis. It also emphasizes the therapeutic potential of microbiota-based approaches.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the review connect microbiota to cancer progression at the molecular level?\",\"answer\":\"It details mechanisms linking microbiota to oncogenic pathways, immune responses, and tumor metabolism. These mechanisms clarify how microbial effects can modulate tumor behavior.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the review discuss about how microbiota affects anticancer treatments?\",\"answer\":\"It outlines how microbiota mediates responses to anticancer immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. It also summarizes emerging strategies targeting microbiota such as probiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, alongside approved drugs and clinical trials.\"}]","Microbiota in cancer: current understandings and future perspectives | PDF",1790054975,136]