[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-381774-105":59,"doc-detail-381774-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","microbiota-as-the-unifying-factor-behind-the-hallmarks-of-cancer","Microbiota as the unifying factor behind the hallmarks of cancer","","The human microbiota forms a complex ecosystem on body surfaces and interfaces with host organ systems, with a strong impact on immune function. Because its composition varies with internal and external factors, individuals carry distinct microbial sets that shape susceptibility to diseases, including cancer. Research links specific microbes to cancer etiology and pathogenesis and outlines mechanisms connecting microbes to the hallmarks of cancer, including effects on therapy outcomes.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/microbiota-as-the-unifying-factor-behind-the-hallmarks-of-cancer/381774/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/microbiota-as-the-unifying-factor-behind-the-hallmarks-of-cancer/381774.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Grenda","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",16,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How does the gut microbiota influence cancer development and progression?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The microbiota can affect cancer initiation and progression in distant tissues by modulating host mechanisms, particularly immune responses. Specific microbes have been linked to cancer etiology, pathogenesis, and mechanisms tied to the hallmarks of cancer.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Why does microbiota composition differ between individuals?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Microbiota composition depends on many internal and external factors, resulting in each person harboring a unique microbial set. These differences can change susceptibility to various diseases, including cancer.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What role do microbes play in cancer diagnosis and management?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Microbes are discussed in relation to their current and potential future applications in cancer diagnostics and management, leveraging mechanisms through which microbes influence carcinogenesis and tumor biology.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},381774,1790338625,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},7971474921005,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology (2023) 149:14429–14450  \n[https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-023-05244-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-023-05244-6)  \nMicrobiota as the unifying factor behind the hallmarks of cancer  \nIva Benešová1 · Ľudmila Křížová2 · Miloslav Kverka1  \nReceived: 5 May 2023 / Accepted: 1 August 2023 / Published online: 9 August 2023 © The Author(s) 2023  \nAbstract  \nThe human microbiota is a complex ecosystem that colonizes body surfaces and interacts with host organ systems, especially the immune system. Since the composition of this ecosystem depends on a variety of internal and external factors, each individual harbors a unique set of microbes. These differences in microbiota composition make individuals either more or less susceptible to various diseases, including cancer. Specific microbes are associated with cancer etiology and pathogenesis and several mechanisms of how they drive the typical hallmarks of cancer were recently identified. Although most microbes reside in the distal gut, they can influence cancer initiation and progression in distant tissues, as well as modulate the outcomes of established cancer therapies. Here, we describe the mechanisms by which microbes influence carcinogenesis and discuss their current and potential future applications in cancer diagnostics and management.  \nKeywords Gut microbiota · Hallmarks of cancer · Tumor microenvironment · Fecal microbiota transplantation  \nAbbreviations  \nAPC Anaphase-promoting complex  \nATBs Antibiotics  \nBcl-2 B cell lymphoma-2 protein  \nBEVs Bacterial extracellular vesicles  \nCDI Clostridioides difficile Infection  \nCRC Colorectal cancer  \nCTL Cytotoxic T cells  \nCTLA-4 Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 DCs Dendritic cells  \nEMT Epithelial-mesenchymal transition FMT Fecal microbiota transplantation GF Germ-free  \nHPV Human papillomavirus  \nICIs Immune checkpoint inhibitors  \nIL Interleukin  \nILCs Innate lymphoid cells  \nMAMP Microorganism-associated molecular patterns MDSCs Myeloid-derived suppressor cells  \n* Miloslav Kverka[kverka@biomed.cas.cz](kverka@biomed.cas.cz)  \n1 Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00 Prague 4-Krč, Czech Republic  \n2 Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic  \nMMPs Matrix metalloproteinases  \nNF-κB Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells  \nNK Natural killer  \nNSCLC Non-small-cell lung cancer  \nPD-1 Programmed cell death protein 1  \nPD-L1 Programmed death ligand-1  \nPRR Pattern recognition receptor RNS Reactive nitrogen species ROS Reactive oxygen species RT Radiotherapy  \nSCFAs Short-chain fatty acids  \nSTAT3 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3  \nTAMs Tumor-infiltrating macrophages TGF Transforming growth factor Th T helper  \nTLR Toll-like receptor  \nTNF Tumor necrosis factor  \nTregs Regulatory T cells UC Ulcerative colitis  \nIntroduction  \nHuman gut microbiota forms a complex ecosystem that consists of more than 1000 species of bacteria, over 140 thousand viruses, mostly bacteriophages, and a less diverse  \necosystem of archaea and fungi (Camarillo-Guerrero et al. 2021 ; Kim et al. 2020 ; Hoffmann et al. 2013 ; Qin et al. 2010) . Studies using gnotobiotic (i.e. , germ-free (GF) or artificially colonized) animals clearly showed that without this complex ecosystem, the immune system and many other physiological functions would never reach their full potential (Kverka and Tlaskalova-Hogenova 2017) . Each one of us houses more than 1014 gut bacterial cells that code 150 times more genes than the human genome. Interestingly, only about one third of these bacterial taxa are shared among individuals (Qin et al. 2010 ; Curtis et al. 2012) . The resulting specific set of abilities may endow the host with a unique metabolic apparatus, which is not coded in their genom","cbCaif6aSzTlkoO1","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaif6aSzTlkoO1","pdf",3435720,22,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords and Abbreviations\n## Key abbreviations\n# Introduction\n## Composition and dynamics of gut microbiota\n## Dysbiosis and disease links","[{\"question\":\"How does the gut microbiota influence cancer development and progression?\",\"answer\":\"The microbiota can affect cancer initiation and progression in distant tissues by modulating host mechanisms, particularly immune responses. Specific microbes have been linked to cancer etiology, pathogenesis, and mechanisms tied to the hallmarks of cancer.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does microbiota composition differ between individuals?\",\"answer\":\"Microbiota composition depends on many internal and external factors, resulting in each person harboring a unique microbial set. These differences can change susceptibility to various diseases, including cancer.\"},{\"question\":\"What role do microbes play in cancer diagnosis and management?\",\"answer\":\"Microbes are discussed in relation to their current and potential future applications in cancer diagnostics and management, leveraging mechanisms through which microbes influence carcinogenesis and tumor biology.\"}]","Microbiota as the unifying factor behind the hallmarks of cancer | PDF",1790246969,55]