[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-384389-105":59,"doc-detail-384389-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","microbiome-and-prostate-cancer-a-novel-target-for-prevention-and-treatment","Microbiome and Prostate Cancer: A Novel Target for Prevention and Treatment","","Growing evidence links the microbiome to human health and disease, with recent findings indicating dysbiosis as an essential factor in prostate cancer (PCa) occurrence, development, and prognosis. Advances such as high-throughput sequencing, transcriptomics, and metabolomics enable profiling of gut, urinary, and intra-prostate microbiome signatures and their association with inflammation, immunity, and PCa progression. Specific microbes and metabolites may drive PCa via genotoxin-mediated mutagenesis or tumor-promoting inflammation and impaired immunosurveillance. This review summarizes host–microbe interactions and highlights diet changes, intraprostatic, gut and urinary mechanisms behind carcinogenesis and treatment response, suggesting that future studies and large-scale trials of microbiota modulation could improve patient outcomes.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/microbiome-and-prostate-cancer-a-novel-target-for-prevention-and-treatment/384389/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/microbiome-and-prostate-cancer-a-novel-target-for-prevention-and-treatment/384389.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"RuangKosong","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How does dysbiosis relate to prostate cancer?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Alterations in microbiota composition (dysbiosis) are suggested to play an essential role in the occurrence, development, and prognosis of prostate cancer.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What research technologies are used to study the microbiome in prostate cancer?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"High-throughput sequencing, transcriptomics, and metabolomics are used to investigate gut, urinary, and intra-prostate microbiome signatures and their links to inflammation and immune responses.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Why is understanding microbiome effects on treatment response considered complex?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The impact of the microbiome on prostate cancer development, progression, and response to treatment is described as complex and not yet fully understood, requiring further investigation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},384389,1790336812,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},962090883219,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Review  \nMicrobiome and Prostate Cancer: A Novel Target for Prevention and Treatment  \nNatasa Kustrimovic 1, Raffaella Bombelli 2, Denisa Baci 2,3,† and Lorenzo Mortara 2, *,†  \nCitation: Kustrimovic, N.; Bombelli, R.; Baci, D.; Mortara, L. Microbiome and Prostate Cancer: A Novel Target for Prevention and Treatment. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 1511. [https://](https://)[ ](https://)[doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021511](doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021511)  \nAcademic Editor: Aamir Ahmad  \nReceived: 1 December 2022  \nRevised: 7 January 2023  \nAccepted: 9 January 2023  \nPublished: 12 January 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease—CAAD, Universit del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy  \n2 Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy  \n3 Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy  \n* Correspondence: [lorenzo.mortara@uninsubria.it](lorenzo.mortara@uninsubria.it)[ ](lorenzo.mortara@uninsubria.it)† These authors contributed equally to this work.  \nAbstract: Growing evidence of the microbiome's role in human health and disease has emerged since the creation of the Human Microbiome Project. Recent studies suggest that alterations in microbiota composition (dysbiosis) may play an essential role in the occurrence, development, and prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa), which remains the second most frequent male malignancy worldwide. Current advances in biological technologies, such as high-throughput sequencing, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, have enabled research on the gut, urinary, and intra-prostate microbiome signature and the correlation with local and systemic inflammation, host immunity response, and PCa progression. Several microbial species and their metabolites facilitate PCa insurgence through genotoxin-mediated mutagenesis or by driving tumor-promoting inflammation and dysfunctional immunosurveillance. However, the impact of the microbiome on PCa development, progression, and response to treatment is complex and needs to be fully understood. This review addresses the current knowledge on the host–microbe interaction and the risk of PCa, providing novel insights into the intraprostatic, gut, and urinary microbiome mechanisms leading to PCa carcinogenesis and treatment response. In this paper, we provide a detailed overview of diet changes, gut microbiome, and emerging therapeutic approaches related to the microbiome and PCa. Further investigation on the prostate-related microbiome and large-scale clinical trials testing the efficacy of microbiota modulation approaches may improve patient outcomes while fulfilling the literature gap of microbial–immune–cancer-cell mechanistic interactions.  \nKeywords: prostate cancer; microbiome; inflammation; immunotherapy  \n1. Introduction  \nTo date, among the male population, prostate cancer (PCa) represents the most frequently diagnosed non-skin cancer. Furthermore, it is qualified as a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. This condition poses a significant health concern in the future due to the gradual aging of the population [1] .  \nPCa is a multifactorial and complex disease involving numerous genetic factors as well as environmental and physiologic factors [2] . Various factors have been associated and correlated to PCa, such as family history, age, diet, ethnicity, and viral and bacterial infections [3] . In addition, during the last decade, numerous studies have suggested the crucial role of the innate and adaptive immune system and environment ","cbCaiu2wwgxFANQR","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiu2wwgxFANQR","pdf",2775319,21,"English","# Introduction\n## Prostate cancer as a prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality\n## Multifactorial disease and role of immunity and environment\n## Treatment options and challenges with relapse and survival","[{\"question\":\"How does dysbiosis relate to prostate cancer?\",\"answer\":\"Alterations in microbiota composition (dysbiosis) are suggested to play an essential role in the occurrence, development, and prognosis of prostate cancer.\"},{\"question\":\"What research technologies are used to study the microbiome in prostate cancer?\",\"answer\":\"High-throughput sequencing, transcriptomics, and metabolomics are used to investigate gut, urinary, and intra-prostate microbiome signatures and their links to inflammation and immune responses.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is understanding microbiome effects on treatment response considered complex?\",\"answer\":\"The impact of the microbiome on prostate cancer development, progression, and response to treatment is described as complex and not yet fully understood, requiring further investigation.\"}]","Microbiome and Prostate Cancer: A Novel Target for Prevention and Treatment | PDF",1790263019,53]